Novel electrochemical sensor based on graphene quantum dots/riboflavin nanocomposite for the detection of persulfate

Abstract A novel and sensitive electrochemical sensor based on graphene quantum dots/riboflavin modified glassy carbon (GC/GQDs/RF) electrode was constructed and utilized to determine persulfate (S2O82−). GQDs were expected to have the significant properties of graphene materials as well as new functions resulting from their quantum confinement and edge effects. The UV–vis, photoluminescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques were used for characterizing the GQDs. The modified electrode showed stable and well-defined redox couples at a wide pH range (1–10), with surface confined characteristics. The electron transfer coefficient (α) and the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) for redox reaction of RF were found to be 0.52 and 6.59 s−1, respectively. The GC/GQDs/RF electrode exhibits an excellent electrocatalytic activity for a S2O82− reduction, with a measured kcat of ∼4.8 × 103 M−1 s−1. This catalytic reduction allows an amperometric detection of S2O82− at a potential of −0.1 V with detection limit of 0.2 μM, concentration calibration range of 1.0 μM to 1 mM and sensitivity of 4.7 nA μM−1, respectively.

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