Cyanoacrylate Skin Surface Stripping and the 3S-Biokit Advent in Tropical Dermatology: A Look from Liège

In the dermatopathology field, some simple available laboratory tests require minimum equipment for establishing a diagnosis. Among them, the cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping (CSSS), formerly named skin surface biopsy or follicular biopsy, represents a convenient low cost procedure. It is a minimally invasive method collecting a continuous sheet of stratum corneum and horny follicular casts. In the vast majority of cases, it is painless and is unassociated with adverse events. CSSS can be performed in subjects of any age. The method has a number of applications in diagnostic dermatopathology and cosmetology, as well as in experimental dermatology settings. A series of derived analytic procedures include xerosis grading, comedometry, corneofungimetry, corneodynamics of stratum corneum renewal, corneomelametry, corneosurfametry, and corneoxenometry.

[1]  B. Homey,et al.  Density of Demodex folliculorum in Patients Receiving Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors , 2011, Dermatology.

[2]  K. Sugibayashi,et al.  Quantitative assessment of cyanoacrylate follicular biopsies by image analysis , 2009 .

[3]  G. Piérard,et al.  Updating Corneofungimetry: A Bioassay Exploring Dermatomycoses and Antifungal Susceptibility , 2009, Mycopathologia.

[4]  G. Piérard,et al.  Effects of various concentrations of glycolic acid at the corneoxenometry and collaxenometry bioassays , 2008, Journal of cosmetic dermatology.

[5]  G. Piérard,et al.  Skin protection creams in medical settings: successful or evil? , 2008, Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology.

[6]  F. Forton Standardized skin surface biopsy: method to estimate the Demodex folliculorum density, not to study the Demodex folliculorum prevalence , 2007, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[7]  G. Piérard,et al.  Whitening effect of a dermocosmetic formulation: a randomized double‐blind controlled study on melasma , 2006, International journal of cosmetic science.

[8]  G. Piérard,et al.  Skin capacitance imaging and corneosurfametry. A comparative assessment of the impact of surfactants on stratum corneum , 2006, Contact dermatitis.

[9]  G. Piérard,et al.  Activity of the Triazole Antifungal R126638 as Assessed by Corneofungimetry , 2005, Skin Pharmacology and Physiology.

[10]  G. Piérard,et al.  The Conundrum of Skin Pores in Dermocosmetology , 2004, Dermatology.

[11]  G. Piérard,et al.  Responsive corneosurfametry following in vivo skin preconditioning , 2003, Contact dermatitis.

[12]  G. Piérard,et al.  Analytic quantification of solar lentigines lightening by a 2% hydroquinone–cyclodextrin formulation , 2003, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[13]  G. Piérard,et al.  Comedolysis by a lipohydroxyacid formulation in acne-prone subjects. , 2003, European journal of dermatology : EJD.

[14]  A. Rawlings,et al.  The cornified cell envelope: an important marker of stratum corneum maturation in healthy and dry skin , 2003, International journal of cosmetic science.

[15]  G. Piérard,et al.  Assessment of Topical Hypopigmenting Agents on Solar Lentigines of Asian Women , 2002, Dermatology.

[16]  G. Piérard,et al.  Beyond a Glimpse at Seasonal Dry Skin: A Review , 2002, Exogenous Dermatology.

[17]  G. Piérard,et al.  Microwave Corneosurfametry and the Short-Duration Dansyl Chloride Extraction Test for Rating Concentrated Irritant Surfactants , 2001, Dermatology.

[18]  T. Hirao,et al.  Identification of immature cornified envelopes in the barrier‐impaired epidermis by characterization of their hydrophobicity and antigenicities of the components , 2001, Experimental dermatology.

[19]  G. Piérard,et al.  The SACD method and the XLRS squamometry tests revisited , 2000, International journal of cosmetic science.

[20]  G. Piérard,et al.  Penetration Enhancers Assessed by Corneoxenometry , 2000, Skin Pharmacology and Physiology.

[21]  G. Piérard,et al.  A quantitative biometrological assessment of acne and hormonal evaluation in young women using a triphasic low-dose oral contraceptive containing gestodene , 2000 .

[22]  G. Piérard,et al.  Comparative Surfactant Reactivity of Canine and Human Stratum Corneum: A Plea for the Use of the Corneosurfametry Bioassay , 1999, Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA.

[23]  G. Piérard,et al.  Digital image analysis of the effect of topically applied linoleic acid on acne microcomedones , 1998, Clinical and experimental dermatology.

[24]  G. Piérard,et al.  Effect of organic solvents on normal human stratum corneum: evaluation by the corneoxenometry bioassay. , 1997, Dermatology.

[25]  G. Piérard,et al.  EEMCO guidance for the assessment of dry skin (xerosis) and ichthyosis: evaluation by stratum corneum shippings , 1996, Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging.

[26]  N. Nikkels‐Tassoudji,et al.  Karyometry of malignant melanoma cells present in skin strippings , 1995, Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging.

[27]  G. Piérard,et al.  Surfactant-induced dermatitis: comparison of corneosurfametry with predictive testing on human and reconstructed skin. , 1995, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[28]  G. Piérard,et al.  Digital image analysis of microcomedones. , 1995, Dermatology.

[29]  A. Kligman,et al.  Determination of density of follicles on various regions of the face by cyanoacrylate biopsy: correlation with sebum output , 1994, The British journal of dermatology.

[30]  G. Piérard,et al.  Dansyl chloride labelling of stratum corneum: its rapid extraction from skin can predict skin irritation due to surfactants and cleansing products , 1994, Contact dermatitis.

[31]  G. Piérard,et al.  Dihydroxyacetone test as a substitute for the dansyl chloride test. , 1993, Dermatology.

[32]  F. Cordoliani Tumeur de Buschke-Lowenstein , 1992 .

[33]  G. Piérard Microscopic evaluation of the dansyl chloride test. , 1992, Dermatology.

[34]  G. Piérard,et al.  Cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping: an improved approach for distinguishing dysplastic nevi from malignant melanomas , 1989, Journal of cutaneous pathology.

[35]  H E Palmer,et al.  The dansyl chloride technique for stratum corneum renewal as an indicator of changes in epidermal mitotic activity following topical treatment , 1988, The British journal of dermatology.

[36]  G. Piérard,et al.  Assessment of Aging and Actinic Damages by Cyanoacrylate Skin Surface Strippings , 1987, The American Journal of dermatopathology.

[37]  G. Piérard Rate and topography of follicular sebum excretion. , 1987, Dermatologica.

[38]  P. Agache,et al.  Anatomical location of human skin furrows. , 1983, Clinical and experimental dermatology.

[39]  J. Mooney,et al.  Skin-surface touch print for diagnosing fungal infections. , 1985, American family physician.

[40]  G. Piérard,et al.  Skin Surface Stripping in Diagnosing and Monitoring Inflammatory, Xerotic, and Neoplastic Diseases , 1985, Pediatric dermatology.

[41]  G. Pierard,et al.  Les xéroses: structure de la peau rêche , 1984 .

[42]  A. Kligman,et al.  The follicular biopsy. , 1983, Dermatologica.

[43]  A. Kligman,et al.  A human model for assessing comedogenic substances. , 1982, Archives of dermatology.

[44]  A. Kligman,et al.  A human model for assaying comedolytic substances , 1982, The British journal of dermatology.

[45]  W. Dutz,et al.  Dermatologic Diagnosis by Using the Hemocytometer and the Dental Broach , 1982, International journal of dermatology.

[46]  C. Franchimont,et al.  Le vieillissement, son expression au niveau de la microanatomie et des propriétés physiques de la peau , 1980 .

[47]  D. Tennstedt,et al.  A modified technique (using polyester tape) of skin surface biopsy , 1977, The British journal of dermatology.

[48]  E. Knudsen The areal extent of dermatophyte infection , 1975, The British journal of dermatology.

[49]  K. Hashimoto,et al.  NEW METHODS FOR SURFACE ULTRASTRUCTURE: COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND REPLICA METHOD , 1974, International journal of dermatology.

[50]  D. Whiting,et al.  The investigation of superficial fungal infections by skin surface biopsy , 1974, The British journal of dermatology.

[51]  A. Kligman,et al.  Improved fluorescence staining technique for estimating turnover of the human stratum corneum , 1974, The British journal of dermatology.

[52]  P. Agache,et al.  [Stripping of the stratum corneum with cyanoacrylate. Value in cutaneous physiology and pathology]. , 1972, Journal de medecine de Lyon.

[53]  R. Marks HISTOCHEMICAL APPLICATIONS OF SKIN SURFACE BIOPSY * , 1972, The British journal of dermatology.

[54]  R. Dawber,et al.  SKIN SURFACE BIOPSY: AN IMPROVED TECHNIQUE FOR THE EXAMINATION OF THE HORNY LAYER , 1971, The British journal of dermatology.