Transceiver technologies for passive optical networks: past, present, and future [Invited Tutorial]

This paper provides an overview of transceiver technologies to be used for current and next-generation passive optical networks (PONs). The uninterrupted scaling of PONs to higher bitrates in a cost-effective way to meet future bandwidth demands will drive the need for continuous improvement in PON transceiver technologies. In this paper we try to analyze the requirements needed and the impact on this for next-generation transceiver technologies based on past and present PON transceiver designs.

[1]  David W. Smith,et al.  Demonstration of a coherent UDWDM-PON with real-time processing , 2011, 2011 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[2]  Masahiro Nada,et al.  High-sensitivity 25 Gbit/s avalanche photodiode receiver optical sub-assembly for 40 km transmission , 2012 .

[3]  Keren Bergman,et al.  FPGA Implementation of Deep Neural Network Based Equalizers for High-Speed PON , 2020, 2020 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[4]  Hanlin Feng,et al.  Demonstration of 50Gbps IM/DD PAM4 PON over 10GHz Class Optics Using Neural Network Based Nonlinear Equalization , 2017, 2017 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[5]  C. Dragone,et al.  RITE-Net: A Passive Optical Network Architecture Based on the Remote Interrogation of Terminal Equipment , 1994 .

[6]  A. Kanda,et al.  106 Gbit/s PAM4 60-km fibre-amplifierless transmission using SOA assisted extended reach EML (AXEL) , 2019, 45th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 2019).

[7]  Glen Kramer,et al.  Ethernet passive optical network (EPON): building a next-generation optical access network , 2002, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[8]  Vincent Houtsma,et al.  92 and 50 Gbps TDM-PON using Neural Network Enabled Receiver Equalization Specialized for PON , 2019, 2019 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[9]  Doutje T. van Veen,et al.  Symmetrical 25-Gb/s TDM-PON With 31.5-dB Optical Power Budget Using Only Off-the-Shelf 10-Gb/s Optical Components , 2016, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[10]  R. Gaudino,et al.  Field demonstration of 25G-PON and XGS-PON burst-mode upstream coexistence , 2019, 45th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 2019).

[11]  Jun Zhang,et al.  High speed WDM-PON technology for 5G fronthaul network , 2018, 2018 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP).

[12]  Xiaolong Dong,et al.  Improved Dispersion Tolerance for 50G-PON Downstream Transmission via Receiver-Side Equalization , 2019, 2019 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[13]  Xiang Liu,et al.  Suppression of burst-mode operation induced laser wavelength drift for upstream transmission in TWDM-PON by using an integrated heater for thermal control , 2017, 2017 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[14]  Alan H. Gnauck,et al.  Increasing TDM Rates for Access Systems Beyond NG-PON2 , 2016, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[15]  Seung-Hyun Cho,et al.  First Commercial Deployment of a Colorless Gigabit WDM/TDM Hybrid PON System Using Remote Protocol Terminator , 2010, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[16]  Benn C. Thomsen,et al.  Comparison of Low Complexity Coherent Receivers for UDWDM-PONs ( $\lambda$-to-the-User) , 2017, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[17]  Idelfonso Tafur Monroy,et al.  Real-Time 10 Gbps Polarization Independent Quasicoherent Receiver for NG-PON2 Access Networks , 2019, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[18]  Polina Bayvel,et al.  End-to-End Deep Learning of Optical Fiber Communications , 2018, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[19]  Vincent Houtsma,et al.  40-Gb/s TDM-PON over 42 km with 64-way power split using a binary direct detection receiver , 2014, 2014 The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[20]  Luiz Anet Neto,et al.  How does passive optical network tackle radio access network evolution? , 2017, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking.

[21]  Vincent Houtsma,et al.  Wavelength-stable burst-mode laser for next-generation PONs , 2019, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking.

[22]  Noriaki Kaneda,et al.  From 25  Gb/s to 50  Gb/s TDM PON: transceiver architectures, their performance, standardization aspects, and cost modeling , 2020, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking.

[23]  Dong Pan,et al.  Cost-effective 25G APD TO-can/ROSA for 100G applications , 2017, 2017 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[24]  Zhensheng Jia,et al.  Rate-Flexible Single-Wavelength TFDM 100G Coherent PON Based on Digital Subcarrier Multiplexing Technology , 2020, 2020 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[25]  Vincent Houtsma,et al.  26-Gbps PON transmission over 40-km using duobinary detection with a low cost 7-GHz APD-based receiver , 2012, 2012 38th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communications.

[26]  Sang-Kook Han,et al.  Reflective SOA-Based Bidirectional WDM-PON Sharing Optical Source for Up/Downlink Data and Broadcasting Transmission , 2006, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[27]  John O'Carroll,et al.  Photonic Integrated Circuits for NGPON2 Tunable ONUs , 2018, 2018 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exposition (OFC).

[28]  Roberto Gaudino,et al.  Impact of the overall electrical filter shaping in next-generation 25 and 50 Gb/s PONs , 2018, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking.

[29]  W. Marsden.  I and J , 2012 .

[30]  Antônio Teixeira.  Photonic Integrated Circuits for NG-PON2 ONU Transceivers , 2019, 2019 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[31]  Vincent Houtsma,et al.  Transceiver Technologies for Next-Generation PON (Tutorial) , 2020, 2020 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[32]  K. Kyuma,et al.  Analysis of the spectral linewidth of distributed feedback laser diodes , 1985, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[33]  Vincent Houtsma,et al.  Demonstration of symmetrical 25 Gbps quaternary PAM/duobinary TDM-PON with multilevel interleaving of users , 2015, 2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[34]  Victor Polo,et al.  Flexible coherent UDWDM-PON with dynamic user allocation based on limited-tunability lasers , 2020, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking.

[35]  Lee Carroll,et al.  Thermal challenges for packaging integrated photonic devices , 2016, 2016 6th Electronic System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC).

[36]  Claudio DeSanti,et al.  Super-PON: an evolution for access networks [Invited] , 2020, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking.

[37]  Adriaan J. de Lind van Wijngaarden,et al.  50G PON FEC Evaluation with Error Models for Advanced Equalization , 2020, 2020 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[38]  Dong Pan,et al.  56GHz Waveguide Ge/Si Avalanche Photodiode , 2018, 2018 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exposition (OFC).

[39]  Naoki Suzuki,et al.  Burst-Mode Coherent Detection Using Fast-Fitting Pilot Sequence for 100-Gb/sM Coherent TDM-PON System , 2017, 2017 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[40]  Weisheng Hu,et al.  Performance comparison of DML, EML and MZM in dispersion-unmanaged short reach transmissions with digital signal processing. , 2018, Optics express.

[41]  Polina Bayvel,et al.  Comparison of Low Complexity Coherent Receivers for UDWDM-PONs ( $\lambda$-to-the-User) , 2017, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[42]  Victor Polo,et al.  Field-Trial of a High-Budget, Filterless, $\lambda$ -to-the-User, UDWDM-PON Enabled by an Innovative Class of Low-Cost Coherent Transceivers , 2017, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[43]  Vincent Houtsma,et al.  Recent Progress on Standardization of Next-Generation 25, 50, and 100G EPON , 2017, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[44]  Doutje T. van Veen,et al.  Investigation of Modulation Schemes for Flexible Line-Rate High-Speed TDM-PON , 2020, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[45]  K. Kikuchi,et al.  Evaluation of Sensitivity of the Digital Coherent Receiver , 2008, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[46]  L. Boivin,et al.  110 channels x 2.35 Gb/s from a single femtosecond laser , 1999, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[47]  Jun-ichi Kani,et al.  Wide dynamic range burst-mode digital coherent detection using fast ALC-EDFA and pre-calculation of FIR filter coefficients , 2016, 2016 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[48]  Junwen Zhang,et al.  Passive Optical Networks for 5G Transport: Technology and Standards , 2019, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[49]  J. Prat,et al.  10 Gb/s RSOA transmission by direct duobinary modulation , 2008, 2008 34th European Conference on Optical Communication.

[50]  Vincent Houtsma,et al.  Strategies for economical next-generation 50G and 100G passive optical networks [Invited] , 2019, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking.

[51]  Yuanqiu Luo,et al.  Demonstration of a 40Gb/s time and Wavelength Division Multiplexed passive optical network prototype system , 2012, OFC/NFOEC.

[52]  Alan H. Gnauck,et al.  Demonstration of 40-Gb/s TDM-PON Over 42-km With 31 dB Optical Power Budget Using an APD-Based Receiver , 2015, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[53]  R. G. Swartz,et al.  Burst-mode compatible optical receiver with a large dynamic range , 1990 .

[54]  Thomas Pfeiffer,et al.  Next generation mobile fronthaul and midhaul architectures [Invited] , 2015, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking.

[55]  K. A. Oakley.  An economic way to see in the broadband dawn (passive optical network) , 1988, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference and Exhibition. Communications for the Information Age.

[56]  Jean-Christophe Antona,et al.  Flexible TDMA access optical networks enabled by burst-mode software defined coherent transponders , 2013 .

[57]  Jianjun Yu,et al.  Single-Wavelength 100-Gb/s PAM-4 TDM-PON Achieving Over 32-dB Power Budget Using Simplified and Phase Insensitive Coherent Detection , 2018, 2018 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[58]  Yuta Ueda,et al.  Novel approach for chirp and output power compensation applied to a 40-Gbit/s EADFB laser integrated with a short SOA. , 2015, Optics express.

[59]  Idelfonso Tafur Monroy,et al.  Flexible resource provisioning of coherent PONs based on Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access and CAP signals , 2019 .

[60]  David Payne,et al.  Passive optical local networks for telephony applications and beyond , 1987 .

[61]  René Bonk,et al.  SOA for future PONs , 2018, 2018 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exposition (OFC).

[62]  Xiang Liu,et al.  Downstream transmission of pre-distorted 25-Gb/s Faster-than-Nyquist PON with 10G-class optics achieving over 31 dB link budget without optical amplification , 2016, 2016 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[63]  Hanchoon Park,et al.  KT's deployment with Fiber To The Home , 2008, 2008 10th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology.

[64]  Vincent Houtsma,et al.  Technology Roadmap for Time-Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks (TDM PONs) , 2019, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[65]  Eduward Tangdiongga,et al.  Increasing flexibility and capacity in real PON deployments by using 2/4/8-PAM formats , 2016, 2016 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[66]  Xu Zhou,et al.  WDM Solutions and Technologies for Mobile Fronthaul , 2015 .

[67]  Ernesto Ciaramella,et al.  Polarization-Independent Receivers for Low-Cost Coherent OOK Systems , 2014, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[68]  Vincent Houtsma,et al.  Bi-directional 25G/50G TDM-PON with extended power budget using 25G APD and coherent amplification , 2017, 2017 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[69]  Satoshi Shigematsu,et al.  A novel DBA scheme for TDM-PON based mobile fronthaul , 2014, OFC 2014.

[70]  Xin Yin,et al.  Study of burst-mode adaptive equalization for >25G PON applications [Invited] , 2019, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking.

[71]  Harald Schmuck,et al.  The Impact of Transmitter Chirp Parameter on the Power Penalty and Design of 50 Gbit/s TDM-PON , 2020, 2020 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC).

[72]  P. Petropoulos,et al.  Realizing high sensitivity at 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s , 2012, OFC/NFOEC.

[73]  Adam Lender,et al.  The duobinary technique for high-speed data transmission , 1963, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Part I: Communication and Electronics.

[74]  Vincent Houtsma,et al.  50 Gbps Low Complex Burst Mode Coherent Detection for Time-Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks , 2018, 2018 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC).

[75]  Polina Bayvel,et al.  Recent Progress and Outlook for Coherent PON , 2018, 2018 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exposition (OFC).

[76]  Victor Polo,et al.  Simplified polarization diversity heterodyne receiver for 1.25Gb/s cost-effective udWDM-PON , 2014, OFC 2014.

[77]  Weisheng Hu,et al.  56 Gbps IM/DD PON based on 10G-Class Optical Devices with 29 dB Loss Budget Enabled by Machine Learning , 2018, 2018 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exposition (OFC).

[78]  P J Winzer,et al.  Fast-tuning 224-Gb/s intradyne receiver for optical packet networks , 2010, 2010 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC/NFOEC), collocated National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.