Modéliser la ville. Formes urbaines et politiques de transport

Pour de nombreux acteurs, impliques professionnellement ou politiquement dans les problematiques de la ville et de son amenagement, il est devenu clair que la planification de l’urbanisation ne peut etre deconnectee des politiques de transport : elles interagissent l’une sur l’autre et doivent etre considerees ensemble, ce qui necessite de les formaliser sous la forme d’un systeme. Dans ce contexte, c’est veritablement a la question de la modelisation du systeme-ville, envisage a travers sa forme et ses politiques de transport, que cet ouvrage souhaite apporter une contribution : celle de la recherche francaise actuelle dans ce domaine. L’ouvrage presente douze modeles de la ville, issus du monde de la recherche academique, de bureaux d’etudes ou d’organismes prives impliques dans les questions d’amenagement du territoire, regroupes en deux parties. La premiere presente une serie de modeles qui prennent en compte de maniere combinee la question des deplacements quotidiens et des localisations residentielles et d’entreprises, selon des echelles et des temporalites differentes, dans une philosophie qui peut s’assimiler a celle des modeles LUTI (Land-Use and Transportation Integrated models), dont ils offrent une adaptation au cas francais sur plusieurs terrains d’etude. La deuxieme partie regroupe des modeles fondes sur l’analyse des transports et de l’urbanisation : ils prennent en compte les interactions de ces deux dynamiques, mais se distinguent par une approche centree sur des questions plus particulieres, souvent innovantes, parfois tres theoriques, qui offrent autant d’ouvertures pour de nombreux developpements futurs. Ainsi, chacun de ces modeles s’attache a la question des mobilites ou de l’evolution de l’occupation du sol en ouvrant de nouvelles voies, tant sur le plan formel, que sur celui des thematiques qu’ils explorent et de leurs implications en matiere d’aide a la decision pour la planification urbaine et les politiques de transport. Les questionnements auxquels cet ouvrage tente de faire face, les methodes qu’il apporte a la simulation de processus complexes, les resultats prometteurs qui s’y esquissent, les domaines nouveaux qui y sont explores, tant d’un point de vue pratique que theorique, montrent que la recherche ouvre des voies et des chemins qui se croisent et permettent de mieux considerer la question de l’urbanisation et des politiques de transports qui s’y associent, proposant des solutions pour envisager plus concretement la mise en place d’un developpement durable des territoires et des systemes urbains.

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