Advances in reconfigurable optical design, metrology, characterization, and data analysis

Reconfigurable freeform optical systems greatly enhance imaging performance within non-symmetric, compact, and ergonomic form factors. In this paper, several advances improve design, testing, and monitoring of these systems. Specific enhancements include definition of polynomials for fast and efficient parameterizations of vector distributions in non-circular apertures and merit based function optimization. Deflectometry system improvements enable metrology for almost any conceivable optic shape and guide deterministic optical figuring process during the coarse grinding phase by including modulated infrared sources. As a demonstration of these improvements, parametric optimization is tested with the tomographic ionized-carbon mapping experiment, a reconfigurable optical system. Other case studies and demonstrations include metrology of a fast, f/1.26 convex optic, an Alvarez lens, and real-time monitoring of an array of independently-steerable hexagonal mirror segments as well as an induction formed surface and inflatable Mylar mirror.

[1]  J. Shamir,et al.  Diffraction of apertured Gaussian beams: solution by expansion in Chebyshev polynomials. , 1993, Applied optics.

[2]  Matthew B. Dubin,et al.  Improvements in the scanning long-wave optical test system , 2018, Optical Engineering + Applications.

[3]  Isaac Trumper,et al.  Simultaneous multi-segmented mirror orientation test system using a digital aperture based on sheared Fourier analysis. , 2017, Optics express.

[4]  Daniel Flamm,et al.  Wavefront reconstruction by modal decomposition. , 2012, Optics express.

[5]  Hubert M. Martin,et al.  Process optimization for efficient convergence in large optics fabrication , 2018, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[6]  Oded Kafri,et al.  Reflective surface analysis using moiré deflectometry. , 1981, Applied optics.

[7]  Chunyu Zhao,et al.  Orthonormal vector polynomials in a unit circle, Part II : Completing the basis set. , 2008, Optics express.

[8]  Jannick P Rolland,et al.  On-the-fly surface manufacturability constraints for freeform optical design enabled by orthogonal polynomials. , 2019, Optics express.

[9]  James H. Burge,et al.  Modal Data Processing for High Resolution Deflectometry , 2019 .

[10]  Olivier Guyon,et al.  Optics technology for large-aperture space telescopes: from fabrication to final acceptance tests , 2018, Advances in Optics and Photonics.

[11]  James H. Burge,et al.  Scanning Long-wave Optical Test System: a new ground optical surface slope test system , 2011, Optical Engineering + Applications.

[12]  T. Mast,et al.  Phasing the mirror segments of the Keck telescopes: the broadband phasing algorithm. , 1998, Applied optics.

[13]  Dae Wook Kim,et al.  Precision Optics Manufacturing and Control for Next-Generation Large Telescopes , 2019 .

[14]  L R Graves,et al.  Infinite deflectometry enabling 2π-steradian measurement range. , 2019, Optics express.

[15]  David Hilbig,et al.  Fitting discrete aspherical surface sag data using orthonormal polynomials. , 2015, Optics express.

[16]  Dahai Li,et al.  Modal wavefront reconstruction from slope measurements for rectangular apertures. , 2015, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[17]  Isaac Trumper,et al.  Utilizing freeform optics in dynamic optical configuration designs , 2019 .

[18]  Anand Asundi.  Moire methods using computer-generated gratings , 1993 .

[19]  Chang-Jin Oh,et al.  High contrast thermal deflectometry using long-wave infrared time modulated integrating cavity source. , 2019, Optics express.

[20]  Heejoo Choi,et al.  Disruptive space telescope concepts, designs, and developments: OASIS and Nautilus -INVITED , 2020, EPJ Web of Conferences.

[21]  Isaac Trumper,et al.  Reconfigurable dynamic optical system design, test, and data analysis , 2020 .

[22]  C. Matt Bradford,et al.  Detector modules and spectrometers for the TIME-Pilot [CII] intensity mapping experiment , 2016, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[24]  Tom L. Zobrist,et al.  SCOTS: a reverse Hartmann test with high dynamic range for Giant Magellan Telescope primary mirror segments , 2012, Other Conferences.

[25]  Bo Gao,et al.  Modal phase measuring deflectometry. , 2016, Optics express.

[26]  K. Dohlen,et al.  Mach-Zehnder interferometer for piston and tip-tilt sensing in segmented telescopes: theory and analytical treatment. , 2005, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[27]  O. Kafri,et al.  Noncoherent method for mapping phase objects. , 1980, Optics letters.

[28]  Kevin P Thompson,et al.  Mobile device camera design with Q-type polynomials to achieve higher production yield. , 2013, Optics express.

[29]  S. Xing,et al.  Temporal phase unwrapping for fringe projection profilometry aided by recursion of Chebyshev polynomials. , 2017, Applied optics.

[30]  Anand Asundi,et al.  Review of phase measuring deflectometry , 2018, Optics and Lasers in Engineering.

[31]  Chunyu Zhao,et al.  Orthonormal vector polynomials in a unit circle, Part I: Basis set derived from gradients of Zernike polynomials. , 2007, Optics express.

[33]  Isaac Trumper,et al.  Design form classification of two-mirror unobstructed freeform telescopes , 2020 .

[34]  James H. Burge,et al.  Rectangular domain curl polynomial set for optical vector data processing and analysis , 2019 .

[35]  Rainer Tutsch,et al.  Optical three-dimensional metrology with structured illumination , 2011 .

[36]  Manuel Campos-García,et al.  Improving fast aspheric convex surface tests with dynamic null screens using LCDs. , 2011, Applied optics.

[37]  Lirong Wang,et al.  Software configurable optical test system: a computerized reverse Hartmann test. , 2010, Applied optics.

[38]  Lu Chen,et al.  Review of optical freeform surface representation technique and its application , 2017 .

[39]  Isaac Trumper,et al.  Freeform surface selection based on parametric fitness function using modal wavefront fitting. , 2019, Optics express.

[40]  James H. Burge,et al.  Fabrication and testing of 4.2m off-axis aspheric primary mirror of Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope , 2016, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[41]  L. Duband,et al.  The TIME-Pilot intensity mapping experiment , 2014, Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation.