Finite element simulation for material accumulation and welding processes including a free melt surface

A modeling and simulation approach for problems with solid‐liquid‐solid phase transitions and a free surface, feasible for material accumulation processes based on laser‐based free form heading and welding processes for joining different metallic materials is presented. Both named processes are modeled within the framework of continuum mechanics by coupling the Stefan problem with the Navier‐Stokes equations including a free capillary surface. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)