LegalRuleML: XML-Based Rules and Norms

Legal texts are the foundational resource where to discover rules and norms that feed into different concrete (often XML-based) Web applications. Legislative documents provide general norms and specific procedural rules for eGovernment and eCommerce environments, while contracts specify the conditions of services and business rules (e.g. service level agreements for cloud computing), and judgments provide information about the legal argumentation and interpretation of norms to concrete case-law. Such legal knowledge is an important source that should be detected, properly modeled and expressively represented in order to capture all the domain particularities. This paper provides an extension of RuleML called LegalRuleML for fostering the characteristics of legal knowledge and to permit its full usage in legal reasoning and in the business rule domain. LegalRuleML encourages the effective exchange and sharing of such semantic information between legal documents, business rules, and software applications.

[1]  Thomas F. Gordon,et al.  Pleadings game - an artificial intelligence model of procedural justice , 1995 .

[2]  Giuseppe Contissa,et al.  Fill the Gap in the Legal Knowledge Modelling , 2009, RuleML.

[3]  G. Sartor.  Legal Reasoning: A Cognitive Approach to Law , 2005 .

[4]  Shazia Wasim Sadiq,et al.  Compliance checking between business processes and business contracts , 2006, 2006 10th IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC'06).

[5]  Henry Prakken,et al.  A dialectical model of assessing conflicting arguments in legal reasoning , 1996, Artificial Intelligence and Law.

[6]  Radboud Winkels,et al.  Automated Classification of Norms in Sources of Law , 2010, Semantic Processing of Legal Texts.

[7]  Alessandro Mazzei,et al.  NLP-based extraction of modificatory provisions semantics , 2009, ICAIL.

[8]  Monica Palmirani.  Time Model in Normative Information Systems , 2005 .

[9]  T. Gordon.  The Pleadings Game , 1993, ICAIL '93.

[10]  Guido Governatori,et al.  DR-CONTRACT: an architecture for e-contracts in defeasible logic , 2009, Int. J. Bus. Process. Integr. Manag..

[11]  Rinke Hoekstra,et al.  Developing Content for LKIF: Ontologies and Frameworks for Legal Reasoning , 2006, JURIX.

[12]  Clara Smith,et al.  Good faith in contract negotiation and performance , 2009, Int. J. Bus. Process. Integr. Manag..

[13]  Guido Governatori,et al.  Temporalised normative positions in defeasible logic , 2005, ICAIL '05.

[14]  Marie-Francine Moens,et al.  Approaches to Text Mining Arguments from Legal Cases , 2010, Semantic Processing of Legal Texts.

[15]  Guido Governatori,et al.  Representing business contracts in RuleML , 2005, Int. J. Cooperative Inf. Syst..

[16]  Adrian Paschke,et al.  RuleML 1.0: The Overarching Specification of Web Rules , 2010, RuleML.

[17]  Giovanni Sartor,et al.  Legal concepts as inferential nodes and ontological categories , 2009, Artificial Intelligence and Law.

[18]  Andrea Passerini,et al.  Automatic Classification of Provisions in Legislative Texts , 2007, Artificial Intelligence and Law.

[19]  Gerd Wagner,et al.  Design Rationale for RuleML: A Markup Language for Semantic Web Rules , 2001, SWWS.

[20]  Karel Pala,et al.  Semantic Processing of Legal Texts , 2008 .

[21]  Guido Governatori,et al.  Norm Compliance in Business Process Modeling , 2010, RuleML.

[22]  Fabio Vitali,et al.  MetaLex XML and the Legal Knowledge Interchange Format , 2008, Computable Models of the Law, Languages, Dialogues, Games, Ontologies.

[23]  Floris Bex,et al.  Legal Knowledge and Information Systems. JURIX 2006 , 2006 .

[24]  Simonetta Montemagni,et al.  Semantic Processing of Legal Texts: Where the Language of Law Meets the Law of Language , 2010, Semantic Processing of Legal Texts.

[25]  Guido Governatori,et al.  Rule Interchange and Applications, International Symposium, RuleML 2009, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, November 5-7, 2009. Proceedings , 2009, RuleML.

[26]  Benjamin N. Grosof.  Representing e-commerce rules via situated courteous logic programs in RuleML , 2004, Electron. Commer. Res. Appl..

[27]  J. Hage.  Reasoning with Rules: An Essay on Legal Reasoning and Its Underlying Logic , 1996 .

[28]  Guido Governatori,et al.  Rules and Norms: Requirements for Rule Interchange Languages in the Legal Domain , 2009, RuleML.

[29]  Antonino Rotolo,et al.  Rule-Based Agents, Compliance, and Intention Reconsideration in Defeasible Logic , 2011, RuleML Europe.

[30]  Trevor J. M. Bench-Capon,et al.  Isomorphism and legal knowledge based systems , 1992, Artificial Intelligence and Law.

[31]  Thomas F. Gordon,et al.  Constructing Legal Arguments with Rules in the Legal Knowledge Interchange Format (LKIF) , 2008, Computable Models of the Law, Languages, Dialogues, Games, Ontologies.

[32]  Thomas F. Gordon,et al.  The Pleadings Game , 1994, Artificial Intelligence and Law.

[33]  Gerd Wagner,et al.  The Abstract Syntax of RuleML - Towards a General Web Rule Language Framework , 2004, IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI'04).

[34]  G. Postema,et al.  A Treatise of Legal Philosophy and General Jurisprudence , 2011 .

[35]  Antonino Rotolo,et al.  An OWL Ontology of Fundamental Legal Concepts , 2006, JURIX.

[36]  Guido Governatori,et al.  Changing legal systems: legal abrogations and annulments in Defeasible Logic , 2010, Log. J. IGPL.

[37]  Monica Palmirani,et al.  Legislative XML for the Semantic Web: Principles, Models, Standards for Document Management , 2011 .

[38]  Guido Governatori,et al.  On the problem of computing ambiguity propagation and well-founded semantics in defeasible logic , 2010 .

[39]  Trevor J. M. Bench-Capon.  The missing link revisited: The role of teleology in representing legal argument , 2002, Artificial Intelligence and Law.

[40]  Tim Berners-Lee.  Long Live The Web , 2010 .

[41]  Giuseppe Contissa,et al.  Modelling temporal legal rules , 2011, ICAIL.

[42]  Monica Palmirani,et al.  Model Regularity of Legal Language in Active Modifications , 2009, AICOL Workshops.

[43]  Harold Boley,et al.  SemPIF: A Semantic Meta-policy Interchange Format for Multiple Web Policies , 2010, 2010 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology.