Industrial crystallization from solution

Abstract This review approaches crystallizer performance from a reaction engineering viewpoint in which emphasis is placed on the interaction of crystallizer fluid mechanics and residence time distributions with the physical chemistry of nucleaton and growth kinetics to produce the crystal size distribution within a crystallizer. The present state of knowledge in these various areas is assessed, particular attention being paid to work carried out over the past decade. Great advances have been made during this period but significant gaps in our understanding still exist, particularly in the areas of crystallizer fluid mechanics (especially the role of micromixing), primary nucleation, habit modification, comparison of predicted crystallizer performance with actual operating characteristics, and the control of full scale crystallizers.

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