PROGRESS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM A Review of Neurophysins

T HE PRESENCE OF NEUROSECRETORY CELLS in the hypothalamus has been recognized since the studies of Scharrer’,’ 50 yr ago. Using the Gomori stain (which was developed to stain p cells of the pancreas), Bargmann and Scharrer314 demonstrated the presence of neurosecretory granules throughout the entire neurohypophyseal tract. The staining was later explained by the high cysteine content of the neurohormone complexS and by the high affinity of the Gomori stain for sulfhydryl groups. Van Dyke extracted from bovine pituitaries a protein that had oxytocic, pressor, and antidiuretic effects and a molecular weight of about 30,000. He showed that the biologic activities were precipitated from aqueous extracts of the pituitary by the addition of salt6 Acher et al.7 demonstrated that the Van Dyke protein was, in fact, an association between three constituents; vasopressin, oxytocin, and a large peptide which was named “neurophysine.” Du Vigneaud” isolated and synthesized the two octapeptides vasopressin and oxytotin and proved that separate hormones were responsible for separate bioactivity.

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