Tumour budding and CD8+ T cells: ‘attackers’ and ‘defenders’ in rectal cancer with and without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

Tumour budding (‘attacker’) and CD8+ T cells (‘defender’) are recognised as important parameters for risk stratification in colon cancers and, combined, may have an even stronger clinical impact. Here, we determine the value of tumour budding and CD8+ in rectal cancer patients treated with/without neoadjuvant therapy.

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