Chapter 8: Current techniques and concepts in peripheral nerve repair.

[1]  A. Waller.  XX. Experiments on the section of the glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves of the frog, and observations of the alterations produced thereby in the structure of their primitive fibres , 1850, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.

[2]  G. C. Huber.  A study of the operative treatment for loss of nerve substance in peripheral nerves , 1895 .

[3]  THE REPAIR OF LARGE GAPS IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVES , 1942 .

[4]  S SUNDERLAND,et al.  The intraneural topography of the radial, median and ulnar nerves. , 1945, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[5]  H. Seddon,et al.  The use of autogenous grafts for the repair of large gaps in peripheral nerves , 1947, The British journal of surgery.

[6]  V. Hamburger,et al.  Selective growth stimulating effects of mouse sarcoma on the sensory and sympathetic nervous system of the chick embryo. , 1951, The Journal of experimental zoology.

[7]  J. Boehler,et al.  FROZEN-IRRADIATED HOMOGRAFTS SHIELDED WITH MICROFILTER SHEATHS IN PERIPHERAL NERVE SURGERY. , 1963, The Journal of trauma.

[8]  L. Marmor.  The repair of peripheral nerves by irradiated homografts. , 1964, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[9]  H. Millesi.  [Nerve transplantation for reconstruction of peripheral nerves injured by the use of the microsurgical technic]. , 1967, Minerva chirurgica.

[10]  G. Warden,et al.  Intraneural Neurorrhaphy: A Preliminary Clinical and Histological Evaluation , 1968, Annals of surgery.

[11]  D. Kline,et al.  Effect of mobilization on the blood supply and regeneration of injured nerves. , 1972, The Journal of surgical research.

[12]  A. Berger,et al.  The Interfascicular Nerve-grafting of the Median and Ulnar Nerves , 1972 .

[13]  G Lundborg,et al.  Effects of stretching the tibial nerve of the rabbit. A preliminary study of the intraneural circulation and the barrier function of the perineurium. , 1973, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[14]  K. Almgren.  Revascularization of free pheripheral nerve grafts. An experimental study in the rabbit. , 1974, Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[15]  M Swash,et al.  Longitudinal sliding of the median nerve during movements of the upper limb. , 1976, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[16]  W. J. Brown,et al.  Comparison of fascicular, interfascicular and epineural suture techniques in the repair of simple nerve lacerations. , 1977, Journal of neurosurgery.

[17]  P. Staniforth,et al.  The Effects Of Sural Nerve Excision In Autogenous Nerve Grafting , 1978, The Hand.

[18]  Y. Miyamoto.  Experimental Study of Results of Nerve Suture Under Tension Vs. Nerve Grafting , 1979, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[19]  D. Kline,et al.  Experimental interfascicular nerve grafting. , 1979, Journal of neurosurgery.

[20]  D. Kline,et al.  Histological studies of experimental interfascicular graft repairs. , 1979, Journal of neurosurgery.

[21]  G. Lundborg,et al.  Nerve regeneration through preformed pseudosynovial tubes. A preliminary report of a new experimental model for studying the regeneration and reorganization capacity of peripheral nerve tissue. , 1980, The Journal of hand surgery.

[22]  A. Zalewski,et al.  Survival of nerve and Schwann cells in allografts after Cyclosporin A treatment , 1980, Experimental Neurology.

[23]  W. Rodkey,et al.  Neurorrhaphy after loss of a nerve segment: comparison of epineurial suture under tension versus multiple nerve grafts. , 1980, The Journal of hand surgery.

[24]  J. Pollard,et al.  Fresh and predegenerate nerve allografts and isografts in trembler mice , 1981, Muscle & nerve.

[25]  G. Lundborg,et al.  Nerve regeneration model and trophic factors in vivo , 1982, Brain Research.

[26]  M. Moneim.  Interfascicular nerve grafting. , 1982, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[27]  A. Zalewski,et al.  Evaluation of histocompatibility as a factor in the repair of nerve with a frozen nerve allograft. , 1982, Journal of neurosurgery.

[28]  R. Lovelace,et al.  Autogenous vein graft as a conduit for nerve regeneration , 1983 .

[29]  M. Mesulam,et al.  Specificity of muscle reinnervation after epineurial and individual fascicular suture of the rat sciatic nerve. , 1983, The Journal of hand surgery.

[30]  S. Mackinnon,et al.  Peripheral nerve allograft: an immunological assessment of pretreatment methods. , 1984, Neurosurgery.

[31]  S. Mackinnon,et al.  The Nerve Allograft Response—An Experimental Model in the Rat , 1985, Annals of plastic surgery.

[32]  Richard L. Sidman,et al.  Increased rate of peripheral nerve regeneration using bioresorbable nerve guides and a laminin-containing gel , 1985, Experimental Neurology.

[33]  S. Hall.  THE EFFECT OF INHIBITING SCHWANN CELL MITOSIS ON THE RE‐INNERVATION OF ACELLULAR AUTOGRAFTS IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE MOUSE , 1986, Neuropathology and applied neurobiology.

[34]  K. Ogata,et al.  Blood flow of peripheral nerve effects of dissection, stretching and compression. , 1986, Journal of hand surgery.

[35]  R. Sidman,et al.  Peripheral nerve regeneration with entubulation repair: Comparison of biodegradeable nerve guides versus polyethylene tubes and the effects of a laminin-containing gel , 1987, Experimental Neurology.

[36]  M. B. Wood,et al.  Anatomy of the sural nerve complex. , 1987, The Journal of hand surgery.

[37]  S. Mackinnon,et al.  The Peripheral Nerve Allograft: A Dose-Response Curve in the Rat Immunosuppressed with Cyclosporin A , 1988, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

[38]  S. Mackinnon,et al.  Surgery of the Peripheral Nerve , 1988 .

[39]  G. Keen.  Operative Surgery and Management , 1988 .

[40]  P Aebischer,et al.  Basic fibroblast growth factor released from synthetic guidance channels facilitates peripheral nerve regeneration across long nerve gaps , 1989, Journal of neuroscience research.

[41]  R. L. Walton,et al.  Autogenous vein graft repair of digital nerve defects in the finger: a retrospective clinical study. , 1989, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[42]  B. Fromm,et al.  A new operation for the prevention and treatment of amputation neuromas. , 1989, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[43]  S. Mackinnon.  New directions in peripheral nerve surgery. , 1989, Annals of plastic surgery.

[44]  Susan E. Mackinnon,et al.  Clinical Nerve Reconstruction with a Bioabsorbable Polyglycolic Acid Tube , 1990, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[45]  D. Kline.  Surgical repair of peripheral nerve injury , 1990, Muscle & nerve.

[46]  S. Sunderland.  The anatomy and physiology of nerve injury , 1990, Muscle & nerve.

[47]  B Strauch,et al.  A prospective clinical evaluation of autogenous vein grafts used as a nerve conduit for distal sensory nerve defects of 3 cm or less. , 1990, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[48]  M. May,et al.  Hypoglossal-Facial Nerve Interpositional-Jump Graft for Facial Reanimation without Tongue Atrophy , 1991, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[49]  R. Gelberman.  Operative nerve repair and reconstruction , 1991 .

[50]  G. Lundborg,et al.  Ulnar nerve repair by the silicone chamber technique. Case report. , 1991, Scandinavian journal of plastic and reconstructive surgery and hand surgery.

[51]  M. E. Harris,et al.  Techniques of peripheral nerve repair. , 1991, Neurosurgery clinics of North America.

[52]  J. J. Scott,et al.  Functional recovery following direct or graft repair of nerve gaps in the rat , 1991, Experimental Neurology.

[53]  R. Birch,et al.  Repair of median and ulnar nerves. Primary suture is best. , 1991, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[54]  J. C. Trindade,et al.  Latero-terminal neurorrhaphy without removal of the epineural sheath. Experimental study in rats. , 1992, Revista paulista de medicina.

[55]  T. Trumble,et al.  Peripheral Nerve Transplantation: The Effects of Predegenerated Grafts and Immunosuppression , 1992, Journal of neural transplantation & plasticity.

[56]  S. Mackinnon,et al.  An assessment of regeneration across peripheral nerve allografts in rats receiving short courses of cyclosporin a immunosuppression , 1992, Neuroscience.

[57]  G. Brunelli,et al.  Bridging nerve defects with combined skeletal muscle and vein conduits , 1993, Microsurgery.

[58]  P. Klopper,et al.  Vein graft conduits versus conventional suturing in peripheral nerve reconstructions , 1993, Microsurgery.

[59]  J. Firrell,et al.  Regeneration following rejection of peripheral nerve allografts of rats on withdrawal of cyclosporine. , 1993, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[60]  J. Frisén,et al.  Differential expression of mRNAs for neurotrophins and their receptors after axotomy of the sciatic nerve , 1993, The Journal of cell biology.

[61]  S. Mackinnon,et al.  Comparison of regeneration across nerve allografts with temporary or continuous cyclosporin A immunosuppression. , 1993, Journal of neurosurgery.

[62]  S. Mackinnon,et al.  Regeneration across ‘stepping-stone’ nerve grafts , 1993, Brain Research.

[63]  S. Mackinnon,et al.  The Fate of Schwann Cells in Peripheral Nerve Allografts , 1994, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[64]  Paul L. Evans,et al.  Cold storage of peripheral nerves: An in vitro assay of cell viability and function , 1994, Glia.

[65]  G. Murrell,et al.  Denatured Muscle as a Nerve Conduit: A Functional, Morphologic, and Electrophysiologic Evaluation , 1994, Journal of reconstructive microsurgery.

[66]  B. Seckel,et al.  Inside‐outl vein graft repair compared with nerve grafting for nerve regeneration in rats , 1995, Microsurgery.

[67]  Paul L. Evans,et al.  Regeneration across preserved peripheral nerve grafts , 1995, Muscle & nerve.

[68]  B. Gold,et al.  The immunosuppressant FK506 increases the rate of axonal regeneration in rat sciatic nerve , 1995, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[69]  C. Green,et al.  Nerve-Muscle Sandwich Grafts: the Importance of Schwann Cells in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration through Muscle Basal Lamina Conduits , 1995, Journal of hand surgery.

[70]  S. Ichinose,et al.  Experimental study on nerve regeneration through the basement membrane tubes of the nerve, muscle, and artery , 1996, Microsurgery.

[71]  S. Mackinnon,et al.  Reduction in Peripheral Nerve Allograft Antigenicity with Warm and Cold Temperature Preservation , 1996, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[72]  S. Mackinnon,et al.  Peripheral Nerve Allograft Preservation Improves Regeneration and Decreases Systemic Cyclosporin A Requirements , 1996, Experimental Neurology.

[73]  B. Rosén,et al.  Tubular versus conventional repair of median and ulnar nerves in the human forearm: early results from a prospective, randomized, clinical study. , 1997, The Journal of hand surgery.

[74]  S. Mackinnon,et al.  End-to-Side Neurorrhaphy Resulting in Limited Sensory Axonal Regeneration in a Rat Model , 1997, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[75]  A. Maričević,et al.  War injuries to the extremities. , 1997, Military medicine.

[76]  Jennifer L. Kelsey,et al.  Upper Extremity Disorders: Frequency, Impact, and Cost , 1997 .

[77]  Y. Luo,et al.  [Preliminary investigation of treatment of ulnar nerve defect by end-to-side neurorrhaphy]. , 1997, Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery.

[78]  Z. Stanec,et al.  Treatment of upper limb nerve war injuries associated with vascular trauma. , 1997, Injury.

[79]  S. Mackinnon,et al.  Indefinite survival of peripheral nerve allografts after temporary Cyclosporine A immunosuppression. , 1998, Restorative neurology and neuroscience.

[80]  Z. Stanec,et al.  Reconstruction of Upper‐Extremity Peripheral‐Nerve Injuries with ePTFE Conduits , 1998, Journal of reconstructive microsurgery.

[81]  E. Genden,et al.  Induction of donor-specific tolerance to rat nerve allografts with portal venous donor alloantigen and anti-ICAM-1/LFA-1 monoclonal antibodies. , 1998, Surgery.

[82]  S. Mackinnon,et al.  End-to-side neurorraphy: A long-term study of neural regeneration in a rat model , 1998, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[83]  A. K. Gulati.  Immune Response and Neurotrophic Factor Interactions in Peripheral Nerve Transplants , 1998, Acta Haematologica.

[84]  M A Pogrel,et al.  Gore-Tex tubing as a conduit for repair of lingual and inferior alveolar nerve continuity defects: a preliminary report. , 1998, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[85]  Paul L. Evans,et al.  Cold preserved nerve allografts: Changes in basement membrane, viability, immunogenicity, and regeneration , 1998, Muscle & nerve.

[86]  U. Mennen.  End-to-side nerve suture--a technique to repair peripheral nerve injury. , 1999, South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde.

[87]  P. Soucacos,et al.  Evaluation of collateral sprouting after end‐to‐side nerve coaptation using a fluorescent double‐labeling technique , 1999, Microsurgery.

[88]  F Yüksel,et al.  Nerve regeneration through side-to-side neurorrhaphy sites in a rat model: a new concept in peripheral nerve surgery. , 1999, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[89]  Paul L. Evans,et al.  Regeneration across cold preserved peripheral nerve allografts , 1999, Microsurgery.

[90]  Long‐en Chen,et al.  Motor functional and morphological findings following end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy in the rat model , 1999 .

[91]  T. Trumble,et al.  Is end-to-side neurorrhaphy effective? A study of axonal sprouting stimulated from intact nerves. , 1999, Journal of reconstructive microsurgery.

[92]  S. Mackinnon,et al.  Cold Preservation of Nerve Grafts Decreases Expression of Icam‐1 and Class II MHC Antigens , 1999, Journal of reconstructive microsurgery.

[93]  P. Hammerschlag.  Facial reanimation with jump interpositional graft hypoglossal facial anastomosis and hypoglossal facial anastomosis: Evolution in management of facial paralysis , 1999, The Laryngoscope.

[94]  Stefano Geuna,et al.  Nerve repair by means of vein filled with muscle grafts I. Clinical results , 2000, Microsurgery.

[95]  G. Evans,et al.  Challenges to nerve regeneration. , 2000, Seminars in surgical oncology.

[96]  S. Wolfe,et al.  Peripheral Nerve Injury and Repair , 2000, The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.

[97]  L. Robinson,et al.  Traumatic injury to peripheral nerves , 2000, Supplements to Clinical neurophysiology.

[98]  B Strauch,et al.  Use of nerve conduits in peripheral nerve repair. , 2000, Hand clinics.

[99]  J. Bain.  Peripheral nerve and neuromuscular allotransplantation: Current status , 2000, Microsurgery.

[100]  D. Kline,et al.  Surgery for peripheral nerve and brachial plexus injuries or other nerve lesions , 2000, Muscle & nerve.

[101]  D. Chuang,et al.  Selection of donor nerves--an important factor in end-to-side neurorrhaphy. , 2000, British journal of plastic surgery.

[102]  R. Midha,et al.  Peripheral nerve repair and grafting techniques: a review. , 2000, Neurologia medico-chirurgica.

[103]  R. Weber,et al.  A Randomized Prospective Study of Polyglycolic Acid Conduits for Digital Nerve Reconstruction in Humans , 2000, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[104]  Xavier Navarro,et al.  Nerve Guides Seeded with Autologous Schwann Cells Improve Nerve Regeneration , 2000, Experimental Neurology.

[105]  T. Trumble,et al.  The physiology of nerve transplantation. , 2000, Hand clinics.

[106]  H Millesi,et al.  Techniques for nerve grafting. , 2000, Hand clinics.

[107]  E. Diao,et al.  Techniques for primary nerve repair. , 2000, Hand clinics.

[108]  E. Genden,et al.  Portal Venous Ultraviolet B-Irradiated Donor Alloantigen Prevents Rejection in Circumferential Rat Tracheal Allografts , 2001, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[109]  P. Tos,et al.  Confocal imaging of Schwann‐cell migration along muscle‐vein combined grafts used to bridge nerve defects in the rat , 2001, Microsurgery.

[110]  P. Cederna,et al.  Terminolateral neurorrhaphy: a review of the literature. , 2001, Journal of reconstructive microsurgery.

[111]  G. Lundborg,et al.  Tissue response to silicone tubes used to repair human median and ulnar nerves. , 2001, Scandinavian journal of plastic and reconstructive surgery and hand surgery.

[112]  G. Tobin,et al.  Hand transplantation follow-up , 2001, The Lancet.

[113]  D. E. Weinstein,et al.  Autologous Schwann cells drive regeneration through a 6-cm autogenous venous nerve conduit. , 2001, Journal of reconstructive microsurgery.

[114]  C. Beurskens,et al.  Reanimation of the paralyzed face by indirect hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis , 2001 .

[115]  Axonal elongation through long acellular nerve segments depends on recruitment of phagocytic cells from the near-nerve environment Electrophysiological and morphological studies in the cat , 2001, Brain Research.

[116]  L. Wolford,et al.  Use of Gore-Tex tubing as a conduit for inferior alveolar and lingual nerve repair: experience with 6 cases. , 2001, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[117]  G. Lundborg,et al.  Use of tubes in peripheral nerve repair. , 2001, Neurosurgery clinics of North America.

[118]  F. Yüksel,et al.  Nerve regeneration through an epineurial sheath: Its functional aspect compared with nerve and vein grafts , 2001, Microsurgery.

[119]  S. Mackinnon,et al.  FK506 rescues peripheral nerve allografts in acute rejection. , 2001, Journal of neurotrauma.

[120]  C B Novak,et al.  Clinical Outcome following Nerve Allograft Transplantation , 2001, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[121]  K. Ozer,et al.  Conventional Versus Epineural Sleeve Neurorrhaphy Technique: Functional and Histomorphometric Analysis , 2002, Annals of plastic surgery.

[122]  S. Mackinnon,et al.  Failure of Cyclosporin A to Rescue Peripheral Nerve Allografts in Acute Rejection , 2002, Annals of plastic surgery.

[123]  M. Meek,et al.  Clinical Use of Nerve Conduits in Peripheral-Nerve Repair: Review of the Literature , 2002, Journal of reconstructive microsurgery.

[124]  K. Ozer,et al.  Epineural Sleeve Neurorrhaphy: Surgical Technique and Functional Results—A Preliminary Report , 2002, Annals of plastic surgery.

[125]  S. Coppolino,et al.  Clinical results and thoughts on sensory nerve repair by autologous vein graft in emergency hand reconstruction. , 2002, Chirurgie de la main.

[126]  Heinrich Planck,et al.  Rat Schwann cells in bioresorbable nerve guides to promote and accelerate axonal regeneration , 2003, Brain Research.

[127]  S. Mackinnon,et al.  Nerve repair, grafting, and nerve transfers. , 2003, Clinics in plastic surgery.

[128]  P. Tos,et al.  Schwann-Cell Proliferation in Muscle-Vein Combined Conduits for Bridging Rat Sciatic Nerve Defects , 2003, Journal of reconstructive microsurgery.

[129]  M. Siemionow,et al.  Donor-specific tolerance in fully major histocompatibility major histocompatibility complexmismatched limb allograft transplants under an anti-&agr;&bgr; T-cell receptor monoclonal antibody and cyclosporine A protocol , 2003, Transplantation.

[130]  U. Mennen.  End-to-side nerve suture in clinical practice. , 2003, Hand surgery : an international journal devoted to hand and upper limb surgery and related research : journal of the Asia-Pacific Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand.

[131]  S. Mackinnon,et al.  Pathophysiology of nerve injury. , 2003, Clinics in plastic surgery.

[132]  M. Brenner,et al.  Anti-CD40 Ligand Antibody Permits Regeneration through Peripheral Nerve Allografts in a Nonhuman Primate Model , 2004, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[133]  M. Siemionow,et al.  The Single-Fascicle Method of Nerve Grafting , 2004, Annals of plastic surgery.

[134]  M. Brenner,et al.  Anti-CD40 ligand monoclonal antibody induces a permissive state, but not tolerance, for murine peripheral nerve allografts , 2004, Experimental Neurology.

[135]  Byung-Soo Kim,et al.  Peripheral nerve regeneration using acellular nerve grafts. , 2004, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[136]  M. Siemionow,et al.  A contemporary overview of peripheral nerve research from the Cleveland Clinic Microsurgery Laboratory , 2004, Neurological research.

[137]  P. V. van Wachem,et al.  A hyaluronan-based nerve guide: in vitro cytotoxicity, subcutaneous tissue reactions, and degradation in the rat. , 2004, Biomaterials.

[138]  D. Sachs,et al.  Tolerance to composite tissue allografts across a major histocompatibility barrier in miniature swine1 , 2004, Transplantation.

[139]  Tatsuo Nakamura,et al.  Regeneration of Peripheral Nerve Gaps with a Polyglycolic Acid-Collagen Tube , 2004, Neurosurgery.

[140]  B. Schlosshauer,et al.  Nerve regeneration across a 2-cm gap in the rat median nerve using a resorbable nerve conduit filled with Schwann cells. , 2005, Journal of neurosurgery.

[141]  M. Brenner,et al.  Effect of FK506 on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Through Long Grafts in Inbred Swine , 2005, Annals of plastic surgery.

[142]  Bruno Battiston,et al.  Neurotube® for facial nerve repair , 2005, Microsurgery.

[143]  M. Brenner,et al.  FK506 and anti-CD40 ligand in peripheral nerve allotransplantation. , 2005, Restorative neurology and neuroscience.

[144]  Marcel F Meek,et al.  A prospective clinical evaluation of biodegradable neurolac nerve guides for sensory nerve repair in the hand. , 2005, The Journal of hand surgery.

[145]  Stefano Geuna,et al.  Nerve repair by means of tubulization: Literature review and personal clinical experience comparing biological and synthetic conduits for sensory nerve repair , 2005, Microsurgery.

[146]  P. Tos,et al.  Schwann cell behavior after nerve repair by means of tissue‐engineered muscle‐vein combined guides , 2005, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[147]  Tatsuo Nakamura,et al.  Surgical relief of causalgia with an artificial nerve guide tube: Successful surgical treatment of causalgia (Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type II) by in situ tissue engineering with a polyglycolic acid-collagen tube , 2005, Pain.

[148]  H. Millesi.  Progress in peripheral nerve reconstruction , 1990, World Journal of Surgery.

[149]  J. Kouyoumdjian.  Peripheral nerve injuries: A retrospective survey of 456 cases , 2006, Muscle & nerve.

[150]  Paul Schalch,et al.  Fibrin glue: an alternative technique for nerve coaptation--Part I. Wave amplitude, conduction velocity, and plantar-length factors. , 2006, Journal of reconstructive microsurgery.

[151]  H. Machens,et al.  Überbrückung peripherer Nervendefekte durch den Einsatz von Nervenröhrchen , 2007, Der Chirurg.

[152]  B. Schlosshauer,et al.  Physical and biological performance of a novel block copolymer nerve guide. , 2006, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[153]  Paul Schalch,et al.  Fibrin Glue: An Alternative Technique for Nerve Coaptation-Part II. Nerve Regeneration and Histomorphometric Assessment , 2006, Journal of reconstructive microsurgery.

[154]  M. Siemionow,et al.  Immunomodulation with anti‐αβ T‐cell receptor monoclonal antibodies in combination with cyclosporine a improves regeneration in nerve allografts , 2006 .

[155]  W. Ashley,et al.  Collagen nerve guides for surgical repair of brachial plexus birth injury. , 2006, Journal of neurosurgery.

[156]  R. Margreiter,et al.  Status 5 Years after Bilateral Hand Transplantation , 2006, American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

[157]  B. Schlosshauer,et al.  Synthetic Nerve Guide Implants in Humans: A Comprehensive Survey , 2006, Neurosurgery.

[158]  F Schuind,et al.  Hand Transplantation: The State-of-the-Art , 2007, The Journal of hand surgery, European volume.

[159]  P. Tos,et al.  Alternative techniques for peripheral nerve repair: conduits and end-to-side neurorrhaphy. , 2007, Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement.

[160]  C. Yao,et al.  In vivo evaluation of a biodegradable EDC/NHS-cross-linked gelatin peripheral nerve guide conduit material. , 2007, Macromolecular bioscience.

[161]  R. Midha,et al.  A novel method for establishing daily in vivo concentration gradients of soluble nerve growth factor (NGF) , 2007, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[162]  T. Gordon,et al.  The cellular and molecular basis of peripheral nerve regeneration , 1997, Molecular Neurobiology.

[163]  M. Lykissas,et al.  Axonal regeneration stimulated by erythropoietin: An experimental study in rats , 2007, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[164]  Tatsuo Nakamura,et al.  REGENERATION OF PERIPHERAL MOTOR NERVE GAPS WITH A POLYGLYCOLIC ACID‐COLLAGEN TUBE: TECHNICAL CASE REPORT , 2007, Neurosurgery.

[165]  I. Yannas,et al.  Standardized criterion to analyze and directly compare various materials and models for peripheral nerve regeneration , 2007, Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition.

[166]  Shih-Kuang Hsu,et al.  Effects of unidirectional permeability in asymmetric poly(DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) conduits on peripheral nerve regeneration: an in vitro and in vivo study. , 2007, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[167]  E. Luo,et al.  Autogenous standard versus inside-out vein graft to repair facial nerve in rabbits. , 2008, Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi.

[168]  M. J. Moore,et al.  ACCURACY OF MOTOR AXON REGENERATION ACROSS AUTOGRAFT, SINGLE‐LUMEN, AND MULTICHANNEL POLY(LACTIC‐CO‐GLYCOLIC ACID) NERVE TUBES , 2008, Neurosurgery.

[169]  M. Siemionow,et al.  The epineural sleeve technique for nerve graft reconstruction enhances nerve recovery , 2008, Microsurgery.

[170]  S. Mackinnon,et al.  The impact of motor and sensory nerve architecture on nerve regeneration , 2008, Experimental Neurology.

[171]  Wutian Wu,et al.  Motor nerve graft is better than sensory nerve graft for survival and regeneration of motoneurons after spinal root avulsion in adult rats , 2008, Experimental Neurology.

[172]  W. Campbell,et al.  Evaluation and management of peripheral nerve injury , 2008, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[173]  Frédéric Schuind,et al.  The International Registry on Hand and Composite Tissue Transplantation , 2010, Transplantation.

[174]  M. Meek,et al.  US Food and Drug Administration/Conformit Europe-Approved Absorbable Nerve Conduits for Clinical Repair of Peripheral and Cranial Nerves , 2008, Annals of plastic surgery.

[175]  Tatsuo Nakamura,et al.  Artificial nerve tubes and their application for repair of peripheral nerve injury: an update of current concepts. , 2008, Injury.