Modelisation de la carbonatation atmospherique des materiaux cimentaires : Prise en compte des effets cinetiques et des modifications microstructurales et hydriques

La carbonatation est un des facteurs parmi les plus importants de la durabilite du beton arme. Elle repose sur l'action du dioxyde de carbone de l'atmosphere qui diffuse a travers le beton et se dissout en acide au contact de la solution interstitielle. Cette acidification induit une dissolution de la portlandite (reserve de basicite). La baisse du pH, d'une valeur de l'ordre de 13 a une valeur inferieure a 9, peut conduire a la corrosion des aciers. L'objectif est de construire un modele de carbonatation permettant de predire la chute du pH, variable pertinente pour apprehender la corrosion des armatures. Une campagne d'analyses thermogravimetriques, de gammadensimetries et de porosimetries par intrusion de mercure, realisees sur 3 betons et plusieurs pates de ciment, permet de comprendre les mecanismes physico-chimiques, de determiner les consequences de la carbonatation sur la microstructure et l'etat hydrique, de calibrer et de valider le modele a partir d'essais de carbonatation acceleree. (A). (Titre en anglais : Modelling of atmospheric carbonation of cement based materials : Considering the kinetic effects and the modifications of the microstructure and of the hygral state).

[1]  Boulevard Lefebvre.  Impact of carbonation on microstructure and transport properties of concrete , 2005 .

[2]  Hamlin M. Jennings,et al.  Model for the Developing Microstructure in Portland Cement Pastes , 1994 .

[3]  Yukikazu Tsuji,et al.  Simultaneous Transport of Chloride and Calcium Ions in Hydrated Cement Systems , 2003 .

[4]  J. Grandet,et al.  REPRESENTATIVITE DES RESULTATS D'ESSAIS ACCELERES DE CARBONATATION SUR EPROUVETTES DE BETON , 1991 .

[5]  W. Cole,et al.  Carbon Dioxide in Hydrated Portland Cement , 1960 .

[6]  Kenneth A. Snyder,et al.  Effect of speciation on the apparent diffusion coefficient in nonreactive porous systems , 2001 .

[7]  Alexander Steffens,et al.  Modeling carbonation for corrosion risk prediction of concrete structures , 2002 .

[8]  M. Thiery,et al.  Determination par gammadensimetrie de profils de sechage et de carbonatation dans les betons , 2004 .

[9]  Kazusuke Kobayashi,et al.  Carbonation of concrete structures and decomposition of CSH , 1994 .

[10]  Géraldine Villain,et al.  Two Experimental Methods to Determine Carbonation Profiles in Concrete , 2006 .

[11]  A. H. Thompson,et al.  The microgeometry and transport properties of sedimentary rock , 1987 .

[12]  Ahmed Loukili,et al.  Predicting Ca(OH)2 content and chemical shrinkage of hydrating cement pastes using analytical approach , 2004 .

[13]  P. A. Ramachandran,et al.  Absorption with fast reaction in a slurry containing sparingly soluble fine particles , 1969 .

[14]  Michael N. Fardis,et al.  Hydration and Carbonation of Pozzolanic Cements , 1992 .

[15]  J. F. Young,et al.  Accelerated Curing of Compacted Calcium Silicate Mortars on Exposure to CO2 , 1974 .

[16]  Baroghel-Bouny,et al.  Vieillissement des bétons en milieu naturel : une expérimentation pour le XXIe siècle. IV. Résultats issus des prélèvements effectués sur les corps d'épreuve de différents sites aux premières échéances de mesure , 2004 .

[17]  Christopher M. Dobson,et al.  Progressive Changes in the Structure of Hardened C3S Cement Pastes due to Carbonation , 1991 .

[18]  G. Sergi,et al.  Diffusion of chloride and hydroxyl ions in cementitious materials exposed to a saline environment , 1992 .

[19]  M. Fardis,et al.  Physical and Chemical Characteristics Affecting the Durability of Concrete , 1991 .

[20]  T. Takebe,et al.  Decomposition of synthesized ettringite by carbonation , 1992 .

[21]  F. P. Glasser,et al.  Comparative studies of the carbonation of hydrated cements , 1989 .

[22]  M. Mouret,et al.  Image analysis: a tool for the characterisation of hydration of cement in concrete – metrological aspects of magnification on measurement , 2001 .

[23]  G. Villain,et al.  Modelling of coupled CO2-H2O-ions transports and chemical reactions of carbonation in concrete , 2005 .

[24]  Baroghel-Bouny,et al.  Modélisation de la carbonatation atmosphérique des matériaux cimentaires , 2004 .

[25]  A. Razaqpur,et al.  Finite element modeling of coupled heat transfer, moisture transport and carbonation processes in concrete structures , 2004 .

[26]  Baroghel-Bouny,et al.  CARACTERISATION DE LA TEXTURE D'UN BETON DURCI A PARTIR DES ISOTHERMES DE SORPTION DE VAPEUR D'EAU , 1993 .

[27]  P. Rouxhet,et al.  Carbonation of the hydration products of tricalcium silicate , 1976 .

[28]  F. Glasser,et al.  The reaction between cement and natural waters containing dissolved carbon dioxide , 1992 .

[29]  A. Bond,et al.  Principles of electrochemistry , 1987 .

[30]  D. Glasson.  Reactivity of lime and related oxides. VI. crystal changes in carbonatated lime at different temperatures , 2007 .

[31]  E. G. Swenson,et al.  Some ageing characteristics of lime , 2007 .

[32]  F. Lea.  The chemistry of cement and concrete , 1970 .

[33]  James J. Beaudoin,et al.  On the relationship between porosity and electrical resistivity in cementitious systems , 1996 .

[34]  G. Arliguie,et al.  Effect of loading on carbonation penetration in reinforced concrete elements , 1999 .

[35]  Baroghel-Bouny,et al.  Vieillissement des betons en milieu naturel : une experimentation pour le XXIe siecle - I. Generalites et caracteristiques mecaniques initiales des betons , 2000 .

[36]  I. Richardson,et al.  The carbonation of hardened cement pastes , 1990 .

[37]  Li Ying-Up,et al.  Mechanism of Carbonation of Mortars and the Dependence of Carbonation on Pore Structure , 1987, SP-100: Concrete Durability: Proceedings of Katharine and Bryant Mather International Symposium.

[38]  L. Parrott,et al.  Carbonation in a 36 year old, in-situ concrete , 1989 .

[39]  H. Hornain,et al.  Effect of Water-Cement Ratio of Cement Pastes on Microstructural Characteristics Related to Carbonation Process , 2000, SP-192: 2000 Canmet/ACI Conference on Durability of Concrete.

[40]  C. T. Tam,et al.  A carbonation prediction model for accelerated carbonation testing of concrete , 1994 .

[41]  J. Hostomský,et al.  Calcium carbonate crystallization, agglomeration and form during continuous precipitation from solution , 1991 .

[42]  A. Katz,et al.  Prediction of rock electrical conductivity from mercury injection measurements , 1987 .

[43]  Michael N. Fardis,et al.  A reaction engineering approach to the problem of concrete carbonation , 1989 .

[44]  K. C. Lee,et al.  Morphology and growth rate of calcium carbonate crystals in a gas-liquid-solid reactive crystallizer , 1997 .

[45]  C. Y. Tai,et al.  Polymorphism of CaCO3, precipitated in a constant‐composition environment , 1998 .

[46]  Koichi Maekawa,et al.  MODELING OF PH PROFILE IN PORE WATER BASED ON MASS TRANSPORT AND CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM THEORY , 2000 .

[47]  M. Mainguy,et al.  Modelisation des transferts hydriques isothermes en milieu poreux. Application au sechage des materiaux a base de ciment , 1999 .

[48]  Rachid Mensi,et al.  Séchage du béton: analyse et modélisation , 1988 .

[49]  Olivier Coussy,et al.  ROLE OF AIR PRESSURE IN DRYING OF WEAKLY PERMEABLE MATERIALS , 2001 .

[50]  A. Cairns-smith,et al.  Morphology and CO2 uptake in tobermorite gel , 1975 .

[51]  Márcio A. Murad,et al.  Electro-chemo-mechanical couplings in swelling clays derived from a micro/macro-homogenization procedure , 2002 .

[52]  Karen L. Scrivener,et al.  Microstructural Gradients in Cement Paste Around Aggregate Particles , 1987 .

[53]  C. L. Page,et al.  Diffusion in cementitious materials: 1. Comparative study of chloride and oxygen diffusion in hydrated cement pastes , 1991 .

[54]  Michael N. Fardis,et al.  Experimental investigation and mathematical modeling of the concrete carbonation problem , 1991 .

[55]  Takeshi Ogino,et al.  The formation and transformation mechanism of calcium carbonate in water , 1987 .

[56]  Koichi Maekawa,et al.  Modeling of structural performances under coupled environmental and weather actions , 2002 .

[57]  T. Chaussadent,et al.  Influence du rapport E/C sur l'hydratation, la microstructure et les déformations endogènes de pâtes de ciment durcies , 2001 .

[58]  B. Johannesson,et al.  Microstructural changes caused by carbonation of cement mortar , 2001 .

[59]  Michèle Queneudec,et al.  Influence of storage conditions on the carbonation of powdered Ca(OH)2 , 2002 .

[60]  V. Baroghel-Bouny.  Transferts dans les bétons et durabilité , 2001 .

[61]  C. Y. Tai,et al.  Nucleation, agglomeration and crystal morphology of calcium carbonate , 1995 .

[62]  C. Page,et al.  Effects of carbonation on pore structure and diffusional properties of hydrated cement pastes , 1997 .

[63]  Thompson,et al.  Quantitative prediction of permeability in porous rock. , 1986, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[64]  Hamlin M. Jennings,et al.  The Surface Area of Hardened Cement Paste as Measured by Various Techniques , 1999 .

[65]  Michael N. Fardis,et al.  Effect of composition, environmental factors and cement-lime mortar coating on concrete carbonation , 1992 .

[66]  Renato Vitaliani,et al.  The carbonation of concrete and the mechanism of moisture, heat and carbon dioxide flow through porous materials , 1993 .

[67]  Michael N. Fardis,et al.  FUNDAMENTAL MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF CONCRETE CARBONATION , 1991 .

[68]  Hiroyuki Ohga,et al.  MECHANISM OF CARBONATION AND PREDICTION OF CARBONATION PROCESS OF CONCRETE , 1990 .

[69]  V. Juvekar,et al.  Absorption of CO2 in a suspension of lime , 1973 .

[70]  Van Genuchten,et al.  A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils , 1980 .

[71]  L. Klinkenberg.  The Permeability Of Porous Media To Liquids And Gases , 2012 .

[72]  Renato Vitaliani,et al.  2 — D model for carbonation and moisture/heat flow in porous materials , 1995 .

[73]  H. M. Lee,et al.  Curing effects on carbonation of concrete using a phenolphthalein indicator and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy , 2002 .

[74]  C. Andrade,et al.  Oxygen and chloride diffusion in cement pastes as a validation of chloride diffusion coefficients obtained by steady-state migration tests , 2001 .

[75]  Y. F. Houst,et al.  Influence of porosity and water content on the diffusivity of CO2 and O2 through hydrated cement paste , 1994 .

[76]  Chen Xiaorong,et al.  Kinetic study of ettringite carbonation reaction , 1994 .

[77]  L. De Ceukelaire,et al.  ACCELERATED CARBONATION OF A BLAST-FURNACE CEMENT CONCRETE , 1993 .

[78]  A. M. Dunster,et al.  An investigation of the carbonation of cement paste using trimethylsilylation , 1989 .

[79]  E. G. Swenson,et al.  Mechanism of the carbonatation shrinkage of lime and hydrated cement , 2007 .

[80]  Y. F. Houst,et al.  Depth Profiles of Carbonates Formed During Natural Carbonation , 2002 .

[81]  C. L. Page,et al.  Pore solution composition and chloride binding capacity of silica-fume cement pastes , 1983 .

[82]  F. Glasser,et al.  Kinetics and mechanism of the carbonation of ettringite , 2000 .

[83]  N. Buenfeld,et al.  Presence and possible implications of a membrane potential in concrete exposed to chloride solution , 1997 .

[84]  Olivier Coussy,et al.  Characterization and identification of equilibrium and transfer moisture properties for ordinary and high-performance cementitious materials , 1999 .

[85]  P. Rossi,et al.  Probabilistic model for material behaviour analysis and appraisement of concrete structures , 1992 .

[86]  M. Cheyrezy,et al.  Concrete carbonation tests in natural and accelerated conditions , 2003 .

[87]  L. Gladden,et al.  Determination of pore connectivity by mercury porosimetry , 1991 .

[88]  Jeffrey J. Thomas,et al.  Effect of carbonation on the nitrogen BET surface area of hardened portland cement paste , 1996 .

[89]  M. Daimon,et al.  Through Pore Size Distribution and Kinetics of the Carbonation Reaction of Portland Cement Mortars , 1971 .

[90]  Alain Sellier,et al.  COUPLED MOISTURE-CARBON DIOXIDE-CALCIUM TRANSFER MODEL FOR CARBONATION OF CONCRETE , 2004 .

[91]  E. Teller,et al.  ADSORPTION OF GASES IN MULTIMOLECULAR LAYERS , 1938 .