Durability and long-term outcomes of biologic therapies in psoriasis.

INTRODUCTION Significant advances in psoriasis treatment have taken place since the introduction of biologics. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors were the first class of biologics approved and at that time greatly improved psoriasis treatment. However, newer biologics, directed to interleukin(IL)-23/IL-17 pathways central to psoriasis pathogenesis,have improved complete or nearly complete clearance rates and are characterized by an excellent safety profile.Real-world setting experiences have generally confirmed the results of clinical trials, but real-world data regarding newer biologics is relatively scarce. AREAS COVERED We provide an extensive review of real-world survival of biologic treatments for moderate to severe psoriasis. EXPERT OPINION There is growing and consistent evidence of higher drug survival of IL-23 inhibitors, possibly due to their favorable efficacy and safety profiles, dosing convenience and persistence of response despite treatment interruption; eventual confirmation of their potential role as modifiers of the natural history of psoriasis might provide additional reasons for therapeutic persistence of this class of biologics.

[1]  G. Argenziano,et al.  Brodalumab for the treatment of plaque psoriasis in a real-life setting: a 3 years multicenter retrospective study—IL PSO (Italian landscape psoriasis) , 2023, Frontiers in Medicine.

[2]  M. Komine,et al.  Drug Survival of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibitors and Switched Subsequent Biologic Agents in Patients with Psoriasis: A Retrospective Study , 2023, Dermatology and Therapy.

[3]  A. Armstrong,et al.  Real-world switching patterns and associated characteristics in patients with psoriasis treated with biologics in the United States. , 2023, The Journal of dermatological treatment.

[4]  J. Sevcík,et al.  Long-Term Efficacy, Safety, and Drug Survival of Guselkumab in Patients with Psoriasis: Real-World Data from the Czech Republic BIOREP Registry , 2023, Dermatology and Therapy.

[5]  G. Fabbrocini,et al.  Real‐life effectiveness and safety of guselkumab in patients with psoriasis who have an inadequate response to ustekinumab: A 104‐week multicenter retrospective study – IL PSO (ITALIAN LANDSCAPE PSORIASIS) , 2023, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[6]  T. Treuer,et al.  Real-world evidence for ixekizumab in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: literature review 2016-2021. , 2023, The Journal of dermatological treatment.

[7]  D. Rigopoulos,et al.  Brodalumab in plaque psoriasis: Real‐world data on effectiveness, safety and clinical predictive factors of initial response and drug survival over a period of 104 weeks , 2022, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[8]  H. Nguyen,et al.  Long-Term Effectiveness and Drug Survival of Secukinumab in Vietnamese Patients with Psoriasis: Results from a Retrospective ENHANCE Study , 2022, Dermatology and Therapy.

[9]  R. Burge,et al.  Treatment Persistence of Ixekizumab in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis Participating in the Canadian Patient Support Program , 2022, Dermatology and Therapy.

[10]  S. Feldman,et al.  Real-World Outcomes Following Switching from Anti-TNF Reference Products to Biosimilars for the Treatment of Psoriasis. , 2022, The Journal of dermatological treatment.

[11]  L. Iversen,et al.  Guselkumab, Tildrakizumab and Risankizumab in Real-World Setting: Drug Survival and Effectiveness in the Treatment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis. , 2022, The Journal of dermatological treatment.

[12]  S. Georgiou,et al.  Real world experience of brodalumab treatment in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis in the Greek population: Results from an interim analysis of the BrIDGE study , 2022, Dermatologic therapy.

[13]  A. Heald,et al.  A Retrospective Real-World Study of the Effectiveness and Tolerability of Tildrakizumab in UK Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Plaque Psoriasis , 2022, Dermatology and Therapy.

[14]  R. Müllegger,et al.  Real-world effectiveness of anti-interleukin-23 antibodies in chronic plaque-type psoriasis of patients from the Austrian Psoriasis Registry (PsoRA) , 2022, Scientific Reports.

[15]  T. Torres,et al.  Drug Survival of Interleukin (IL)‑17 and IL‑23 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Psoriasis: A Retrospective Multi‑country, Multicentric Cohort Study , 2022, American Journal of Clinical Dermatology.

[16]  P. Foley,et al.  Secukinumab treatment demonstrated high drug survival and sustained effectiveness in patients with severe chronic plaque psoriasis: 21‐month analysis in Australian routine clinical practice (SUSTAIN study) , 2022, The Australasian journal of dermatology.

[17]  Neslihan Demirel Öğüt,et al.  Ixekizumab treatment in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis in a real‐world clinical setting , 2022, Journal of cosmetic dermatology.

[18]  C. Griffiths,et al.  Drug Survival Associated With Effectiveness and Safety of Treatment With Guselkumab, Ixekizumab, Secukinumab, Ustekinumab, and Adalimumab in Patients With Psoriasis. , 2022, JAMA dermatology.

[19]  T. Torres,et al.  Secukinumab demonstrated sustained retention, effectiveness and safety in a real‐world setting in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis: long‐term results from an interim analysis of the SERENA study , 2022, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[20]  G. Argenziano,et al.  Real life long‐term efficacy and safety of ixekizumab in moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis: A 192 weeks multicentric retrospective study—IL PSO (Italian landscape psoriasis) , 2022, Dermatologic therapy.

[21]  M. Tichý,et al.  Efficacy, safety, and drug survival of patients with psoriasis treated with IL-17 inhibitors – brodalumab, ixekizumab, and secukinumab: real-world data from the Czech Republic BIOREP registry , 2022, The Journal of dermatological treatment.

[22]  J. Carrascosa,et al.  Survival of guselkumab therapy in moderate to severe plaque psoriasis at 52 weeks in a real-world clinical setting: observational, retrospective, multi-centre study by the Spanish Psoriasis Group , 2022, The Journal of dermatological treatment.

[23]  R. Burge,et al.  Real-World Biologic Adherence, Persistence, and Monotherapy Comparisons in US Patients with Psoriasis: Results from IBM MarketScan® Databases , 2022, Advances in Therapy.

[24]  K. Asadullah,et al.  Real‐world evidence from the non‐interventional, prospective, German multicentre PERSIST study of patients with psoriasis after 1 year of treatment with guselkumab , 2022, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[25]  M. Choi,et al.  Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Biologics (Secukinumab, Ustekinumab, and Guselkumab) for the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis: Real-World Data from a Single Korean Center , 2022, Biomedicines.

[26]  P. Gisondi,et al.  Real-Life Effectiveness of Adalimumab Biosimilars in Patients with Chronic Plaque Psoriasis , 2022, Dermatology and Therapy.

[27]  G. Fabbrocini,et al.  Risankizumab treatment in psoriasis patients who failed anti‐IL17: A 52‐week real‐life study , 2022, Dermatologic therapy.

[28]  M. D. de Bruin‐Weller,et al.  Direct Comparison of Real-world Effectiveness of Biologics for Psoriasis using Absolute and Relative Psoriasis Area and Severity Index Scores in a Prospective Multicentre Cohort , 2022, Acta dermato-venereologica.

[29]  R. Fernández-torres,et al.  Biologic Therapy for Moderate to Severe Psoriasis. Real-World Follow-up of Patients Who Initiated Biologic Therapy at Least 10 Years Ago , 2022, Dermatology and Therapy.

[30]  R. Burge,et al.  A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Treatment Patterns Over 1 Year in Patients with Psoriasis Treated with Ixekizumab or Guselkumab , 2022, Dermatology and Therapy.

[31]  C. Lynde,et al.  Certolizumab Pegol Use in the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis: Real-World Data From Two Canadian Centers , 2022, Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery.

[32]  J. Carrascosa,et al.  Practical Update of the Guidelines Published by the Psoriasis Group of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (GPs) on the Treatment of Psoriasis With Biologic Agents: Part 2 - Management of Special Populations, Patients With Comorbid Conditions, and Risk. , 2022, Actas dermo-sifiliograficas.

[33]  L. Skov,et al.  Drug survival of biologics and novel immunomodulators for rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and psoriasis - A nationwide cohort study from the DANBIO and DERMBIO registries. , 2022, Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism.

[34]  G. Fabbrocini,et al.  Guselkumab is efficacious and safe in psoriasis patients who failed anti-IL17: a 52-week real-life study , 2022, The Journal of dermatological treatment.

[35]  K. Tasanen,et al.  Guselkumab Treatment Outcomes and Persistence in a Nationwide Real-world Cohort of Patients with Plaque Psoriasis , 2021, Acta dermato-venereologica.

[36]  M. Gooderham,et al.  Real‐world, long‐term treatment patterns of commonly used biologics in Canadian patients with moderate‐to‐severe chronic plaque psoriasis , 2021, The Journal of dermatology.

[37]  P. Quaglino,et al.  Comparison of Secukinumab and Ixekizumab in psoriasis: a real‐life cohort study on the efficacy and drug survival of 445 patients , 2021, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[38]  R. Burge,et al.  Comparison of Real-World Treatment Patterns Among Biologic-Experienced Patients with Psoriasis Treated with Ixekizumab or Secukinumab Over 18 Months , 2021, Dermatology and Therapy.

[39]  L. Levin,et al.  Drug Persistence of Biologic Treatments in Psoriasis: A Swedish National Population Study , 2021, Dermatology and Therapy.

[40]  T. Torres,et al.  Bimekizumab for the Treatment of Psoriasis , 2021, Drugs.

[41]  K. Schäkel,et al.  IL-23 blockade with guselkumab potentially modifies psoriasis pathogenesis: rationale and study protocol of a phase 3b, randomised, double-blind, multicentre study in participants with moderate-to-severe plaque-type psoriasis (GUIDE) , 2021, BMJ Open.

[42]  A. Armstrong,et al.  Efficacy of guselkumab versus secukinumab in subpopulations of patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: results from the ECLIPSE study , 2021, The Journal of dermatological treatment.

[43]  R. Burge,et al.  Comparison of Two-Year Treatment Adherence, Persistence, Discontinuation, Re-initiation, and Switching Between Psoriasis Patients Treated with Ixekizumab or Secukinumab in Real-World Settings. , 2021, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[44]  Y. Lytvyn,et al.  Drug survival of guselkumab in patients with plaque psoriasis: A 2 year retrospective, multicenter study , 2021, JAAD international.

[45]  Xiaojiao Li,et al.  A Biosimilarity Study Between QX001S and Ustekinumab in Healthy Chinese Male Subjects , 2021, Frontiers in Pharmacology.

[46]  L. Puig,et al.  Real‐world drug survival of guselkumab, ixekizumab and secukinumab for psoriasis , 2021, The British journal of dermatology.

[47]  L. Teixeira,et al.  Drug Survival of IL-12/23, IL-17 and IL-23 Inhibitors for Psoriasis Treatment: A Retrospective Multi-Country, Multicentric Cohort Study , 2021, American Journal of Clinical Dermatology.

[48]  J. Sevcík,et al.  Real-World Evidence From More Than 1000 Patients Treated With Adalimumab For Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis in the Czech Republic , 2021, Dermatology and Therapy.

[49]  S. Doğan,et al.  Certolizumab pegol in the treatment of psoriasis: Real‐life data , 2021, Dermatologic therapy.

[50]  Byung Soo Kim,et al.  Clinical outcomes in adult patients with plaque psoriasis treated with ustekinumab under real‐world practice in Korea: A prospective, observational, multi‐center, postmarketing surveillance study , 2021, The Journal of dermatology.

[51]  E. Muñoz-Elías,et al.  Differential Changes in Inflammatory Mononuclear Phagocyte and T Cell Profiles within Psoriatic Skin during Treatment with Guselkumab versus Secukinumab. , 2021, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[52]  B. Strober,et al.  Drug survival of ixekizumab, TNF inhibitors, and other IL‐17 inhibitors in real‐world patients with psoriasis: The Corrona Psoriasis Registry , 2021, Dermatologic therapy.

[53]  M. Galán-Gutiérrez,et al.  Guselkumab: Mid‐term effectiveness, drug survival, and safety in real clinical practice , 2021, Dermatologic therapy.

[54]  J. Günther,et al.  Drug survival of secukinumab, ustekinumab, and certolizumab pegol in psoriasis: a 2-year, monocentric, retrospective study , 2021, The Journal of dermatological treatment.

[55]  B. Elewski,et al.  Use of IL-23 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Plaque Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review , 2020, American Journal of Clinical Dermatology.

[56]  A. Yabacı,et al.  Retention and survival rate of etanercept in psoriasis over 15 years and patient outcomes during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The real‐world experience of a single center , 2020, Dermatologic therapy.

[57]  W. Hoetzenecker,et al.  Biologic drug survival rates in the era of anti‐interleukin‐17 antibodies: a time‐period‐adjusted registry analysis* , 2020, The British journal of dermatology.

[58]  E. Herrera‐Ceballos,et al.  Ixekizumab vs ustekinumab for skin clearance in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis after a year of treatment: Real‐world practice , 2020, Dermatologic therapy.

[59]  R. Gniadecki,et al.  Biologic Drug Survival in Psoriasis: A Systematic Review & Comparative Meta-Analysis , 2020, Frontiers in Medicine.

[60]  L. Tofani,et al.  Use of Guselkumab for the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis: A 1 Year Real-Life Study , 2020, Journal of clinical medicine.

[61]  S. Yaylı,et al.  Drug survival of biologic treatments in Turkish patients with psoriasis , 2020, Dermatologic therapy.

[62]  T. Wu,et al.  Efficacy and safety of risankizumab vs. secukinumab in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis (IMMerge): results from a phase III, randomized, open‐label, efficacy–assessor‐blinded clinical trial* , 2020, The British journal of dermatology.

[63]  E. Veysey Biologics for psoriasis: what does drug survival tell us? , 2020, The British journal of dermatology.

[64]  A. Armstrong,et al.  Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Treatment of Psoriasis: A Review. , 2020, JAMA.

[65]  L. Puig,et al.  Guselkumab in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. , 2020, Immunotherapy.

[66]  A. Offidani,et al.  Safety update of etanercept treatment for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis , 2020, Expert opinion on drug safety.

[67]  M. Galán-Gutiérrez,et al.  Drug survival, discontinuation rates, and safety profile of secukinumab in real‐world patients: a 152‐week, multicenter, retrospective study , 2020, International journal of dermatology.

[68]  C. Griffiths,et al.  Drug survival of adalimumab, ustekinumab and secukinumab in patients with psoriasis: a prospective cohort study from the British Association of Dermatologists Biologics and Immunomodulators Register (BADBIR) , 2020, The British journal of dermatology.

[69]  M. Ståhle,et al.  Real‐world comparative effectiveness of adalimumab, etanercept and methotrexate: a Swedish register analysis , 2019, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[70]  B. Ohyama,et al.  Real‐world efficacy and safety of interleukin‐17 inhibitors for psoriasis: A single‐center experience , 2020, The Journal of dermatology.

[71]  A. Stratigos,et al.  Real‐world data from a single Greek centre on the use of secukinumab in plaque psoriasis: effectiveness, safety, drug survival, and identification of patients that sustain optimal response , 2020, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[72]  L. Bianchi,et al.  Ustekinumab treatment for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: eight-year real-life experience , 2020, Expert opinion on biological therapy.

[73]  M. Komine,et al.  Drug survival of biologic agents for psoriatic patients in a real‐world setting in Japan , 2019, The Journal of dermatology.

[74]  C. Guarneri,et al.  Adalimumab in severe plaque psoriasis of childhood: A multi‐center, retrospective real‐life study up to 52 weeks observation , 2019, Dermatologic therapy.

[75]  T. Torres,et al.  Reply to comment on "Secukinumab Drug Survival 1 in Patientes with Psoriasis: A 2 multicenter, real-world, retrospective study". , 2019, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[76]  D. Rigopoulos,et al.  Real world data from the use of secukinumab in the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis, including scalp and palmoplantar psoriasis: A 104‐week clinical study , 2019, Dermatologic therapy.

[77]  J. Santos-Juanes,et al.  Comment on "Secukinumab Drug Survival in Patientes with Psoriasis: A multicenter, real-world, retrospective study". , 2019, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[78]  W. Peitsch,et al.  Drug Survival of Biological Therapies for Psoriasis Treatment in Germany and Associated Costs: A Retrospective Claims Database Analysis , 2019, Advances in Therapy.

[79]  G. Girolomoni,et al.  Anti-TNF biosimilars in psoriasis: from scientific evidence to real-world experience , 2019, The Journal of dermatological treatment.

[80]  F. Aubin,et al.  Efficacy and survival of biologic agents in psoriasis: a practical real-life 12-year experience in a French dermatology department , 2019, The Journal of dermatological treatment.

[81]  GaBI Journal Editor Patent expiry dates for biologicals: 2018 update , 2019, Generics and Biosimilars Initiative Journal.

[82]  Adriana Rendon,et al.  Psoriasis Pathogenesis and Treatment , 2019, International journal of molecular sciences.

[83]  M. Megna,et al.  Secukinumab drug survival in patients with psoriasis: A multicenter, real-world, retrospective study. , 2019, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[84]  A. Egeberg,et al.  Drug survival of secukinumab for psoriasis in a real-world setting , 2019, The Journal of dermatological treatment.

[85]  G. Fabbrocini,et al.  A case of erythrodermic psoriasis successfully treated with guselkumab , 2019, Dermatologic therapy.

[86]  K. Reynolds,et al.  Real-world drug survival of ixekizumab for psoriasis. , 2019, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[87]  D. Vidal,et al.  Treatment of patients with plaque psoriasis with secukinumab in a real-life setting: a 52-week, multicenter, retrospective study in Spain , 2018, The Journal of dermatological treatment.

[88]  C. Chi,et al.  Drug survival of biologics in treating psoriasis: a meta-analysis of real-world evidence , 2018, Scientific Reports.

[89]  Jashin J. Wu,et al.  Drug survival of biologic treatments in psoriasis: a systematic review , 2018, The Journal of dermatological treatment.

[90]  B. Kralj,et al.  Drug survival of biologic therapies for the treatment of psoriasis: Results of Slovenian national registry. , 2018, Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization.

[91]  P. Sator Safety and tolerability of adalimumab for the treatment of psoriasis: a review summarizing 15 years of real-life experience , 2018, Therapeutic advances in chronic disease.

[92]  A. Costanzo,et al.  Effectiveness End Points in Real-World Studies on Biological Therapies in Psoriasis: Systematic Review with Focus on Drug Survival , 2018, Dermatology.

[93]  A. Burden,et al.  Comparison of Drug Discontinuation, Effectiveness, and Safety Between Clinical Trial Eligible and Ineligible Patients in BADBIR , 2018, JAMA dermatology.

[94]  M. Gooderham,et al.  Shifting the focus – the primary role of IL‐23 in psoriasis and other inflammatory disorders , 2018, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[95]  J. Yeung,et al.  Survival rates of biological therapies for psoriasis treatment in real‐world clinical practice: A Canadian multicentre retrospective study , 2018, The Australasian journal of dermatology.

[96]  L. Skov,et al.  Safety, efficacy and drug survival of biologics and biosimilars for moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis , 2018, The British journal of dermatology.

[97]  M. Song,et al.  Efficacy and safety of guselkumab in patients with psoriasis who have an inadequate response to ustekinumab: results of the randomized, double‐blind, phase III NAVIGATE trial , 2018, The British journal of dermatology.

[98]  J. Yeung,et al.  Drug survival of secukinumab in real‐world plaque psoriasis patients: A 52‐week, multicenter, retrospective study , 2017, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[99]  A. Dattola,et al.  Certolizumab Pegol in the Treatment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: Preliminary Real-Life Data , 2017, Dermatology and Therapy.

[100]  P. Trzonkowski,et al.  The role of regulatory T cells and genes involved in their differentiation in pathogenesis of selected inflammatory and neoplastic skin diseases. Part II: The Treg role in skin diseases pathogenesis , 2017, Postepy dermatologii i alergologii.

[101]  E. D. De Jong,et al.  Comment on "Drug survival analysis is not a good method for assessing the safety or effectiveness of systemic therapies in psoriasis". , 2017, Actas dermo-sifiliograficas.

[102]  L. Kemény,et al.  Long-term drug survival and predictor analysis of the whole psoriatic patient population on biological therapy in Hungary , 2017, The Journal of dermatological treatment.

[103]  C. Posch,et al.  Etanercept, adalimumab, and ustekinumab in psoriasis: analysis of 209 treatment series in Austria , 2017, Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG.

[104]  A. Armstrong,et al.  Efficacy and safety of guselkumab, an anti‐interleukin‐23 monoclonal antibody, compared with adalimumab for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis with randomized withdrawal and retreatment: Results from the phase III, double‐blind, placebo‐ and active comparator–controlled VOYA , 2017, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[105]  A. Kimball,et al.  Efficacy and safety of guselkumab, an anti‐interleukin‐23 monoclonal antibody, compared with adalimumab for the continuous treatment of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis: Results from the phase III, double‐blinded, placebo‐ and active comparator–controlled VOYAGE 1 trial , 2017, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[106]  S. John,et al.  A systematic review of worldwide epidemiology of psoriasis , 2017, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[107]  S. Hsu,et al.  Loss of efficacy of secukinumab for psoriasis at 24 to 32 weeks. , 2016, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[108]  A. Menter,et al.  Drug survival of biologic therapy in a large, disease‐based registry of patients with psoriasis: results from the Psoriasis Longitudinal Assessment and Registry (PSOLAR) , 2016, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[109]  J. Goeman,et al.  Drug Survival Studies in Dermatology:Principles, Purposes, and Pitfalls. , 2015, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[110]  L. Skov,et al.  Comparison of long‐term drug survival and safety of biologic agents in patients with psoriasis vulgaris , 2015, The British journal of dermatology.

[111]  Hugh A. Rand,et al.  Gene Expression Profiles Normalized in Psoriatic Skin by Treatment with Brodalumab, a Human Anti–IL-17 Receptor Monoclonal Antibody , 2014, The Journal of Immunology.

[112]  J. Koo,et al.  Biologic fatigue in psoriasis , 2014, The Journal of dermatological treatment.

[113]  A. W. Armstrong,et al.  Antidrug antibodies in psoriasis: a systematic review , 2014, The British journal of dermatology.

[114]  I. Gich,et al.  Adalimumab for the treatment of psoriasis in real life: a retrospective cohort of 119 patients at a single Spanish centre , 2013, The British journal of dermatology.

[115]  Rosa Parisi,et al.  Global epidemiology of psoriasis: a systematic review of incidence and prevalence. , 2013, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[116]  B. Scallon,et al.  Discovery and mechanism of ustekinumab , 2011, mAbs.

[117]  M. Dhodapkar,et al.  Increased Expression of Interleukin 23 p19 and p40 in Lesional Skin of Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris , 2004, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[118]  M. Gooderham,et al.  Persistency of Biologic Therapies for Plaque Psoriasis in 2 Large Community Practices , 2018, Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery.

[119]  T. Torres,et al.  Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Ixekizumab for Treatment of Psoriasis. , 2017, Actas dermo-sifiliograficas.