A Gamification Framework for Volunteered Geographic Information

Using crowdsourcing methods to gather large amounts of useful geodata presents many challenges. One challenge is to attract volunteers to participate in crowdsourcing activities. Several studies conclude that to encourage crowdsourcing it is necessary to take into account people’s intrinsic motivation (e.g. fun, altruism, ambition). Gamification is a useful approach to promote people’s motivation and engagement. The work we report on in this paper tries to give an answer to the question “How to use concepts provided by gamification in order to motivate individuals to participate in crowdsourcing applications in the geospatial context? How to best combine these two worlds?” We designed a gamification framework for VGI processes and applied the framework to an existing application for evaluation purposes. Such a framework is intended for application developers as a guideline to apply principles from gamification to collect user-generated geospatial data.

[1]  Lennart E. Nacke,et al.  From game design elements to gamefulness: defining "gamification" , 2011, MindTrek.

[2]  Miriam J. Metzger,et al.  The credibility of volunteered geographic information , 2008 .

[3]  Emanuele Della Valle,et al.  Urbanopoly -- A Social and Location-Based Game with a Purpose to Crowdsource Your Urban Data , 2012, 2012 International Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust and 2012 International Confernece on Social Computing.

[4]  S. Elwood Volunteered geographic information: key questions, concepts and methods to guide emerging research and practice , 2008 .

[5]  Sebastian Deterding,et al.  Situated motivational affordances of game elements: A conceptual model , 2011 .

[6]  Padmini Srinivasan,et al.  Quality through flow and immersion: gamifying crowdsourced relevance assessments , 2012, SIGIR '12.

[7]  Liping Di,et al.  Data cleaning approaches in Web2.0 VGI application , 2009, 2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics.

[8]  E. Deci,et al.  Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. , 2000, The American psychologist.

[9]  John G. Breslin,et al.  Gamification of citizen sensing through mobile social reporting , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Games Innovation Conference.

[10]  Daniel J. Veit,et al.  More than fun and money. Worker Motivation in Crowdsourcing - A Study on Mechanical Turk , 2011, AMCIS.

[11]  M. Goodchild Citizens as sensors: the world of volunteered geography , 2007 .

[12]  Steffen Fritz,et al.  Geo-Wiki.Org: The Use of Crowdsourcing to Improve Global Land Cover , 2009, Remote. Sens..

[13]  Francisco Luis Gutiérrez Vela,et al.  Analysis and application of gamification , 2012, Interacción.

[14]  Christopher Cunningham,et al.  Gamification by Design - Implementing Game Mechanics in Web and Mobile Apps , 2011 .

[15]  Am Mudabeti,et al.  Remote sensing 1 , 2013 .

[16]  David Coleman,et al.  Volunteered Geographic Information: the nature and motivation of produsers , 2009, Int. J. Spatial Data Infrastructures Res..

[17]  Irene Celino,et al.  Human Computation VGI Provenance: Semantic Web-Based Representation and Publishing , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.