Review article: liver support systems in acute hepatic failure

The treatment of acute hepatic failure has developed rapidly over the last 40 years, reducing morbidity and mortality from this syndrome. Whilst this has been partly attributed to significant improvements in the specialist medical management of these patients, advances in surgical techniques and pharmaceutical developments have led to the establishment of successful liver transplantation programmes, which have improved mortality significantly.

[1]  K. Gundermann,et al.  Treatment of acute hepatic failure by hemoperfusion over baboon and human livers: alphafetoprotein levels in serum. , 1980, Artificial organs.

[2]  W. M. Keynes Haemodialysis in the treatment of liver failure. , 1968, Lancet.

[3]  K. Gustafsson,et al.  Suppression of human anti-porcine T-cell immune responses by major histocompatibility complex class II transactivator constructs lacking the amino terminal domain. , 1998, Transplantation.

[4]  R. Hughes,et al.  Evaluation of the BioLogic-DT sorbent-suspension dialyser in patients with fulminant hepatic failure , 1994, The International journal of artificial organs.

[5]  N. Secher,et al.  Cerebral blood flow, oxygen metabolism and transcranial Doppler sonography during high‐volume plasmapheresis in fulminant hepatic failure , 1996, European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology.

[6]  S. Ash,et al.  Neurologic improvement of patients with hepatic failure and coma during sorbent suspension dialysis. , 1991, ASAIO transactions.

[7]  P. Donaldson,et al.  Tumor necrosis factor genomic polymorphism and outcome of acetaminophen (paracetamol)-induced acute liver failure. , 1998, Journal of hepatology.

[8]  D. Abendroth,et al.  Immunopathological observations after xenogeneic liver perfusions using donor pigs transgenic for human decay-accelerating factor. , 1997, Transplantation.

[9]  A. Demetriou,et al.  Clinical experience with a bioartificial liver in the treatment of severe liver failure. A phase I clinical trial. , 1997, Annals of surgery.

[10]  P. J. McKenna,et al.  Plasmapheresis with plasma exchange in hepatic coma. II. Fulminant viral hepatitis as a systemic disease. , 1972, Archives of internal medicine.

[11]  R. Bellomo,et al.  Basic Mechanisms and Definitions for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies , 1996, The International journal of artificial organs.

[12]  A. Davenport,et al.  Comparison of the use of standard heparin and prostacyclin anticoagulation in spontaneous and pump-driven extracorporeal circuits in patients with combined acute renal and hepatic failure. , 1994, Nephron.

[13]  H. Jauregui,et al.  Isolation and culture of porcine hepatocytes for artificial liver support. , 1996, Cell transplantation.

[14]  F. Giancotti,et al.  Alpha3beta1-integrin as a critical mediator of the hepatic differentiation response to the extracellular matrix. , 1998, Hepatology.

[15]  M. Nagaki,et al.  Removal of Endotoxin and Cytokines by Adsorbents and the Effect of Plasma Protein Binding , 1991, The International journal of artificial organs.

[16]  R. P. Thompson,et al.  Rapid removal of paracetamol by haemoperfusion through coated charcoal. In vivo and in-vitro studies in the pig. , 1973, Lancet.

[17]  A. Demetriou,et al.  Loss and recovery of liver regeneration in rats with fulminant hepatic failure. , 1997, The Journal of surgical research.

[18]  K. Donald,et al.  Renal haemodialysis in porphyria. , 1967, Lancet.

[19]  A. Gimson,et al.  EARLIER CHARCOAL HAEMOPERFUSION IN FULMINANT HEPATIC FAILURE , 1982, The Lancet.

[20]  C. S. Davidson,et al.  Sustaining life during fulminant hepatic failure. , 1969, Annals of internal medicine.

[21]  K. Rommelsheim,et al.  Die extrakorporale Perfusion mit Pavianlebern zur Behandlung des Leberzerfallskomas , 1977 .

[22]  Abouna Gm Improved technique of exchange transfusion for hepatic coma. , 1972 .

[23]  J. Platt,et al.  Transgenic pigs expressing human CD59 and decay-accelerating factor produce an intrinsic barrier to complement-mediated damage. , 1997, Transplantation.

[24]  P. Hayes,et al.  Review article: the management of acute liver failure. , 1998, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[25]  H. Thölen,et al.  Haemodialysis in the treatment of lactic acidosis associated with acute hepatic and renal failure. , 1971, Postgraduate medical journal.

[26]  M. Hori Will artificial liver therapy ever become a reality? Historical aspects and future prospects of the artificial liver. , 1988, Artificial organs.

[27]  Achilles A. Demetriou,et al.  Development of a Hybrid Bioartificial Liver , 1993, Annals of surgery.

[28]  A. Gimson,et al.  Controlled trials of charcoal hemoperfusion and prognostic factors in fulminant hepatic failure. , 1988, Gastroenterology.

[29]  K. Suh,et al.  Intrasplenic transplantation of allogeneic hepatocytes prolongs survival in anhepatic rats , 1998, Hepatology.

[30]  Plevris,et al.  The management of acute liver failure , 1998 .

[31]  T. Agishi,et al.  An experimental artificial liver utilizing extracorporeal metabolism with sliced or granulated canine liver. , 2000, Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs.

[32]  B. Eiseman,et al.  Heterologous liver perfusion in treatment of hepatic failure. , 1965, Annals of surgery.

[33]  J. Gerlach,et al.  Development of a Hybrid Liver Support System: A Review , 1996, The International journal of artificial organs.

[34]  A. Matas,et al.  Hepatocellular transplantation in acute liver failure. , 1977, Surgery.

[35]  R Williams,et al.  Pilot‐controlled trial of the extracorporeal liver assist device in acute liver failure , 1996, Hepatology.

[36]  B. Lapin,et al.  Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) was not transmitted from transplanted porcine endothelial cells to baboons in vivo , 1998, Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation.

[37]  L. Podestá,et al.  A Bioartificial Liver to Treat Severe Acute Liver Failure , 1994, Annals of surgery.

[38]  N. Sussman,et al.  The hepatix extracorporeal liver assist device in the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure. , 1994, ASAIO journal.

[39]  T. Giorgio,et al.  Development of a bioartificial liver: Properties and function of a hollow‐fiber module inoculated with liver cells , 1993, Hepatology.

[40]  J. Juggi In-Vivo Studies with a Cation Exchange Resin Mixture in the Removal of Excessive Ammonium from the Extracorporeal Circulation System. , 1971, The Australian and New Zealand journal of surgery.

[41]  N. Sussman,et al.  Reversal of fulminant hepatic failure using an extracorporeal liver assist device , 1992, Hepatology.

[42]  R. Weiss,et al.  No evidence of pig DNA or retroviral infection in patients with short-term extracorporeal connection to pig kidneys , 1998, The Lancet.

[43]  S R Ash,et al.  Clinical effects of a sorbent suspension dialysis system in treatment of hepatic coma (the BioLogic-DT). , 1992, The International journal of artificial organs.

[44]  W. Arnaout,et al.  Use of a novel bioartificial liver in a patient with acute liver insufficiency. , 1993, Surgery.

[45]  Y. M. Elçin,et al.  Hepatocyte attachment on biodegradable modified chitosan membranes: in vitro evaluation for the development of liver organoids. , 1998, Artificial organs.

[46]  S. Cohan,et al.  Treatment of hepatic coma with hemoperfusion through polyacrylamide hydrogel-coated charcoal. , 1976, Kidney international. Supplement.

[47]  A. Demetriou,et al.  Clinical Experience with a Porcine Hepatocyte-Based Liver Support System , 1996, The International journal of artificial organs.

[48]  J. Vienken,et al.  Comparison of Hollow Fibre Membranes for Hepatocyte Immobilisation in Bioreactors , 1996, The International journal of artificial organs.

[49]  G. Abouna Extracorporeal liver perfusion for hepatic coma. , 1971, Lancet.

[50]  F. Giancotti,et al.  α3β1‐integrin as a critical mediator of the hepatic differentiation response to the extracellular matrix , 1998 .

[51]  X. Zhu,et al.  Adsorption of bilirubin with polypeptide-coated resins. , 1990, Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs.

[52]  Roger Williams,et al.  PROSTACYCLIN TO PREVENT PLATELET ACTIVATION DURING CHARCOAL HÆMOPERFUSION IN FULMINANT HEPATIC FAILURE , 1980, The Lancet.

[53]  J. Burnell,et al.  Plasma exchange in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. , 1973, Archives of internal medicine.

[54]  T. Chalmers,et al.  Fulminant Hepatic Failure , 1968 .

[55]  P. Ott,et al.  Haemodynamic changes after high‐volume plasmapheresis in patients with chronic and acute liver failure , 1997, European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepathology.

[56]  G. Stamp,et al.  Comparison of three solid phase supports for promoting three-dimensional growth and function of human liver cell lines. , 1998, Artificial organs.

[57]  Kazuaki Inoue,et al.  Favorable effect of new artificial liver support on survival of patients with fulminant hepatic failure. , 2008, Artificial organs.

[58]  L. Turnberg,et al.  Plasmaphoresis and plasma exchange in the treatment of hyperlipaemia and xanthomatous neuropathy in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis , 1972, Gut.

[59]  P. Opolon,et al.  Treatment of encephalopathy during fulminant hepatic failure by haemodialysis with high permeability membrane. , 1978, Gut.

[60]  N. Sussman,et al.  The Hepatix extracorporeal liver assist device: initial clinical experience. , 1994, Artificial organs.

[61]  J. Encke,et al.  Bioreactor for a larger scale hepatocyte in vitro perfusion. , 1994, Transplantation.

[62]  J. H. Gibbon,et al.  A simple extracorporeal device for reducing elevated blood ammonia levels; preliminary report. , 1958, Surgery.

[63]  P. Berk,et al.  A Computer Simulation Study Relating to the Treatment of Fulminant Hepatic Failure by Hemoperfusion , 1977, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[64]  S. Winikoff,et al.  Plasmapheresis in a patient with hepatic failure awaiting liver transplantation. , 1985, The Journal of pediatrics.

[65]  R. Hughes,et al.  Effects of Serial Resin Hemoperfusion in Fulminant Hepatic Failure , 1983, The International journal of artificial organs.

[66]  Z. Pujic,et al.  THE INDUCTION OF IMMEDIATE EARLY GENES IN POSTISCHEMIC AND TRANSPLANTED LIVERS IN RATS Its Relation to Organ Survival , 1994, Transplantation.

[67]  A. Davenport,et al.  Changes in intracranial pressure during machine and continuous haemofiltration. , 1989, The International journal of artificial organs.

[68]  N. Sussman,et al.  An improved model of acetaminophen‐induced fulminant hepatic failure in dogs , 1992, Hepatology.

[69]  R. Fisher,et al.  Hepatocyte transplantation as a bridge to orthotopic liver transplantation in terminal liver failure. , 1997, Transplantation.

[70]  A. Davenport,et al.  Continuous vs. intermittent forms of haemofiltration and/or dialysis in the management of acute renal failure in patients with defective cerebral autoregulation at risk of cerebral oedema. , 1991, Contributions to nephrology.

[71]  Beverley Rader Lugo,et al.  Clinical Experience , 2009 .

[72]  A. Davenport,et al.  Are Changes in Intracranial Pressure during Intermittent Machine Haemofiltration Dependent upon Membrane Biocompatibility? , 1989, The International journal of artificial organs.

[73]  M. Rabl,et al.  Haemoperfusion through activated charcoal in dogs with fulminant liver failure. , 1980, Digestion.

[74]  T. Chang Biotechnological and Medical Applications Based on Immobilization of Hepatocytes, Microorganisms, or Enzyme Systems by Microencapsulation in Artificial Cells a , 1990, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[75]  P Neuhaus,et al.  Improved hepatocyte in vitro maintenance in a culture model with woven multicompartment capillary systems: Electron microscopy studies , 1995, Hepatology.

[76]  M. Diefenbeck,et al.  Organs from Animals for Man , 1998, International Archives of Allergy and Immunology.

[77]  R. Hughes,et al.  Use of sorbent columns and haemofiltration in fulminant hepatic failure. , 1993, Blood purification.

[78]  H. Jauregui,et al.  Mammalian hepatocytes as a foundation for treatment in human liver failure , 1991, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

[79]  R. Bellomo,et al.  Preliminary experience with high-volume hemofiltration in human septic shock. , 1998, Kidney international. Supplement.

[80]  M. Kusano,et al.  Hepatocyte Transplantation in Man , 1992, Transplantation proceedings.

[81]  C. S. Davidson,et al.  FULMINANT HEPATIC FAILURE: PRESUMABLE CONTRIBUTION OF HALOTHANE , 1969 .

[82]  J. Stange,et al.  A Carrier-Mediated Transport of Toxins in a Hybrid Membrane. Safety Barrier between a Patients Blood and a Bioartificial Liver , 1996, The International journal of artificial organs.

[83]  B. Gazzard,et al.  Effects of haemoperfusion through charcoal or XAD-2 resin on an animal model of fulminant liver failure , 1974, Gut.

[84]  K. Lindor Early primary biliary cirrhosis: Just delayed or different? , 1997, Hepatology.

[85]  A. Matas,et al.  Hepatocellular transplantation for treatment of D-galactosamine-induced acute liver failure in rats. , 1979, Transplantation proceedings.

[86]  M. Bjørneboe,et al.  KUPFFER CELLS AND CIRRHOSIS , 1975, The Lancet.

[87]  R. Harris,et al.  TREATMENT OF HEPATIC COMA BY HEMODIALYSIS. , 1964, Texas state journal of medicine.

[88]  A. Davenport,et al.  The effect of lactate-buffered solutions on the acid-base status of patients with renal failure. , 1989, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[89]  P. Opolon,et al.  [Effect of molecular filtration on encephalopathy during coma caused by acute hepatic atrophy: preliminary results]. , 1975, Medecine & chirurgie digestives.

[90]  N. Tygstrup,et al.  Systemic vascular resistance during high-volume plasmapheresis in patients with fulminant hepatic failure: relationship with oxygen consumption. , 1995, European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology.

[91]  A. Pascher,et al.  Impact of immunoadsorption on complement activation, immunopathology, and hepatic perfusion during xenogeneic pig liver perfusion. , 1998, Transplantation.

[92]  M. Sorrell,et al.  Successful application of extracorporeal liver perfusion: a technology whose time has come. , 1993, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[93]  N. Sussman,et al.  Assessment of an extracorporeal liver assist device in anhepatic dogs. , 2008, Artificial organs.

[94]  F. Villamil,et al.  Early clinical experience with a hybrid bioartificial liver. , 1995, Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. Supplement.

[95]  M. Osanai,et al.  Phenobarbital causes apoptosis in conditionally immortalized mouse hepatocytes depending on deregulated c-myc expression: characterization of an unexpected effect. , 1997, Cancer research.

[96]  A. Demetriou,et al.  Effect of sorbent-based dialytic therapy with the BioLogic-DT on an experimental model of hepatic failure. , 1993, ASAIO journal.

[97]  A. Sun,et al.  Microencapsulated hepatocytes: an in vitro and in vivo study. , 1987, Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs.

[98]  C. Habibullah,et al.  Human fetal hepatocyte transplantation in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. , 1994, Transplantation.

[99]  W. Heneine,et al.  No evidence of infection with porcine endogenous retrovirus in recipients of porcine islet-cell xenografts , 1998, The Lancet.

[100]  N. Tygstrup,et al.  High Volume Plasma Exchange in Fulminant Hepatic Failure , 1992, The International journal of artificial organs.

[101]  R. Bellomo,et al.  Continuous versus intermittent renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit. , 1998, Kidney international. Supplement.

[102]  E. Wilander,et al.  Letter: Diabetogenic nitrosamines? , 1974, Lancet.

[103]  S. Ash,et al.  Push‐Pull Sorbent Based Pheresis for Treatment of Acute Hepatic Failure The BioLogic‐Detoxifier/Plasma Filter System , 1998, ASAIO journal.

[104]  E. Laterre,et al.  DEANOL IN SPONTANEOUS AND INDUCED DYSKINESIAS , 1975, The Lancet.

[105]  M. Lepore,et al.  Plasmapheresis with plasma exchange in hepatic coma. Methods and results in five patients with acute fulminant hepatic necrosis. , 1970, Annals of internal medicine.

[106]  N. Tygstrup,et al.  High-volume plasmapheresis and acute liver transplantation in fulminant hepatic failure. , 1994, Transplantation proceedings.

[107]  J. Lemasters,et al.  Evidence that activation of Kupffer cells increases oxygen uptake after cold storage. , 1994, Transplantation.

[108]  P. Mellon,et al.  Platelet function in fulminant hepatic failure and effect of charcoal haemoperfusion. , 1977, Gut.

[109]  P. Fürst,et al.  THE REMOVAL OF UREMIC SMALL AND MIDDLE MOLECULES AND FREE AMINO ACIDS BY CARBON HEMOPERFUSION , 1977, Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs.

[110]  M. Nagaki,et al.  In vitro plasma perfusion through adsorbents and plasma ultrafiltration to remove endotoxin and cytokines. , 1992, Circulatory shock.

[111]  T. Chandy,et al.  Preparation and performance of chitosan encapsulated activated charcoal (ACCB) adsorbents for small molecules. , 1993, Journal of Microencapsulation.

[112]  E. H. Dunlop,et al.  Charcoal haemoperfusion in the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure. , 1974, Lancet.

[113]  E. Zysno,et al.  [Longitudinal EEG study of uremic patients treated by extracorporeal hemodialysis and by intermittent peritoneal dialysis]. , 1967, Revue neurologique (Paris).