Optimization of Heterogeneous Photosensitized Oxidation for Winery Effluent Treatment

In this study, the heterogeneous photosensitized oxidation treatment of winery effluents was optimized using chitosan carriers immobilized with Zn(II) Phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid. The influence of main operating parameters such as initial pH, aeration flow rate, photocatalyst load, and concentration of the photosensitizer used in the photocatalysts’ preparation was investigated. Results for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenolic content (TPh) removals are presented for each of the tests performed. Best reductions were obtained after 30 min of treatment in natural sunlight at an initial pH of 4.0 and an aeration flow of 2.8 L/min since it allowed reductions of 45% for COD and 73% for phenolic content (TPh). In addition, the possibility of reusing the photocatalysts during several cycles was also assessed, where an acidic initial pH allowed their reuse, being the only pH value studied where the leaching of the photosensitizer was not observed. In these conditions, the same photocatalysts were reused for six reaction cycles, and efficiency started to decrease after the third use. Thus, a greater mass and concentration of photosensitizer contributed to a superior reduction in organic matter. The results show that heterogeneous photosensitized oxidation using sunlight radiation as an energy source is an interesting approach for obtaining reusable water from winery effluents.

[1]  R. Quinta-Ferreira,et al.  Homogeneous Photosensitized Oxidation for Water Reuse in Cellars: A Study of Different Photosensitizers , 2023, Sustainability.

[2]  C. Menon,et al.  Covalent functionalization of polypropylene filters with diazirine–photosensitizer conjugates producing visible light driven virus inactivating materials , 2021, Scientific Reports.

[3]  Cui Lai,et al.  Critical review of advanced oxidation processes in organic wastewater treatment. , 2021, Chemosphere.

[4]  M. Miceli,et al.  Recovery/Reuse of Heterogeneous Supported Spent Catalysts , 2021, Catalysts.

[5]  Foszpańczyk,et al.  Heterogeneous Oxidation of Phenolic Compounds with Photosensitizing Catalysts Incorporated into Chitosan , 2019, Catalysts.

[6]  Liang Zhao,et al.  A review on Fenton process for organic wastewater treatment based on optimization perspective. , 2019, The Science of the total environment.

[7]  Yong Ding,et al.  Homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalytic water oxidation by polyoxometalates containing the most earth-abundant transition metal, iron , 2018, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental.

[8]  S. Ledakowicz,et al.  Toxicity of aqueous mixture of phenol and chlorophenols upon photosensitized oxidation initiated by sunlight or vis-lamp , 2018, Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

[9]  M. Brusseau,et al.  Optimizing the Gas Absorption/Chemical Reaction Method for Measuring Air–Water Interfacial Area in Porous Media , 2017, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution.

[10]  S. Ledakowicz,et al.  Photosensitive chitosan for visible-light water pollutant degradation , 2017 .

[11]  S. Ledakowicz,et al.  Photochemical decomposition of endocrine disrupting compounds – A review , 2017 .

[12]  S. Ledakowicz,et al.  Decomposition of xenobiotics during visible light irradiation in the presence of immobilised photosensitisers: kinetics study. , 2017, Water Science and Technology.

[13]  S. Ledakowicz,et al.  Photodegradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol in Aqueous Systems under Simulated and Natural Sunlight , 2016 .

[14]  Mengshan Lee,et al.  Chitosan as a Natural Polymer for Heterogeneous Catalysts Support: A Short Review on Its Applications , 2015 .

[15]  Hideki Yamamoto,et al.  Evaluation of advanced oxidation processes (AOP) using O3, UV, and TiO2 for the degradation of phenol in water , 2015 .

[16]  D. Fatta-Kassinos,et al.  Treatment of winery wastewater by physicochemical, biological and advanced processes: a review. , 2015, Journal of hazardous materials.

[17]  R. Quinta-Ferreira,et al.  Remediation of phenolic wastewaters by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) at ambient conditions: Comparative studies , 2011 .

[18]  M. Wey,et al.  Improving the Activity of Rh/Al2O3 Catalyst for NO Reduction by Na Addition in the Presences of H2O and O2 , 2009 .

[19]  Adrián M.T. Silva,et al.  Sonophotocatalytic/H2O2 degradation of phenolic compounds in agro-industrial effluents , 2007 .

[20]  Jincai Zhao,et al.  Efficient photosensitized degradation of 4-chlorophenol over immobilized aluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[21]  M. DeRosa.  Photosensitized singlet oxygen and its applications , 2002 .

[22]  Tebello Nyokong,et al.  Photosensitized transformation of 4-chlorophenol in the presence of aggregated and non-aggregated metallophthalocyanines , 2001 .

[23]  M G Nichols,et al.  The Mechanism of Photofrin Photobleaching and Its Consequences for Photodynamic Dosimetry , 1997, Photochemistry and photobiology.

[24]  P. Forzatti,et al.  Homogeneous and heterogeneous photo-oxygenation of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene , 1977 .

[25]  Christopher S. Foote,et al.  Mechanisms of Photosensitized Oxidation , 1968 .

[26]  K. Linden,et al.  Advanced Oxidation Processes: Applications in Drinking Water Treatment , 2014 .

[27]  R. N. Jadhav,et al.  Wastewater treatment at winery industry. , 2009 .

[28]  Rafael Borja,et al.  Enhancement of the anaerobic digestion of wine distillery wastewater by the removal of phenolic inhibitors , 1993 .