1 fMRI-based effective connectivity in surgical remediable epilepsies : a pilot study 1 2

1Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, OCB Hospital, Modena, Italy 7 2Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and 8 Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy 9 3IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Unit of Neurology, Bellaria Hospital, 10 Bologna, Italy 11 4 Neurology Unit, AUSL Modena, Ospedale Ramazzini, Carpi Modena, Italy 12 5 Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, 13 Italy 14 6 IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Epilepsy Center (Reference Center for Rare 15 and Complex Epilepsies EpiCARE), Bologna, Italy 16 7Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, OCB Hospital, Modena, Italy 17 8 Neurosurgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, OCB Hospital, Modena, Italy 18 9 “Claudio Munari” Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy. 19 10 Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 20 London, UK. 21 22 Running Title: causal connectivity in surgical epilepsy 23

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