CHAPTER 8 : Orbital Ephemerides of the Sun , Moon , and Planets

The fundamental planetary and lunar ephemerides of The Astronomical Almanac, starting in the year 2003, are DE405/LE405 of Caltech’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). They replace JPL’s DE200 which have been used in the almanac since 1984. Previous to 1984, the fundamental ephemerides were based upon analytical “theories”; these are described in Section 8.2. DE405/LE405 result from a least-squares adjustment of a previously existing ephemeris to a variety of observational data (measurements), followed by a numerical integration of the dynamical equations of motion which describe the gravitational physics of the solar system. These fundamental ephemerides are the bases for computing the planetary and lunar positions and other related phenomena that are listed in the almanac.

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