Electronic Dispersion Compensation

The performance of different electronic equalization and processing schemes for 40- and 10-Gb/s optical transmission over single-mode fiber (SMF) are discussed, from the point of their ability to compensate chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD). In addition, the impact of fiber nonlinearity and modulation format on equalization is also investigated. The main objective of this paper is to present an overview and a comparison of the performances rather than a detailed explanation of the principles of the different equalization schemes. The equalizers which will be covered are analog equalizer (feedforward and decision feedback type), maximum likelihood sequence estimator (MLSE), electronic precompensation, coherent/intradyne detection with digital signal processing (DSP) equalization, DSP-based optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), and turbo equalization.

[1]  K. Kikuchi,et al.  Optical Homodyne Receiver Comprising Phase and Polarization Diversities with Digital Signal Processing , 2007, 2006 European Conference on Optical Communications.

[2]  G. Goeger.  Modulation Format with Enhanced SPM-Robustness for Electronically Pre-Distorted Transmission , 2006, 2006 European Conference on Optical Communications.

[3]  M. Glick,et al.  Electronic dispersion compensation by signal predistortion , 2006, 2006 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[4]  T. Duthel,et al.  10 x 111 Gbit/s 50 GHz spaced, POLMUX-RZ-DQPSK transmission over 2375 km employing coherent equalisation , 2007, OFC 2007.

[5]  H. Bulow.  Tutorial Electronic Dispersion Compensation , 2007, OFC/NFOEC 2007 - 2007 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[6]  Richard D. Gitlin,et al.  Electrical signal processing techniques in long-haul, fiber-optic systems , 1990, IEEE International Conference on Communications, Including Supercomm Technical Sessions.

[7]  M. O'Sullivan,et al.  5120 km RZ-DPSK transmission over G652 fiber at 10 Gb/s with no optical dispersion compensation , 2005, OFC/NFOEC Technical Digest. Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2005..

[8]  Hyeon-Min Bae,et al.  An MLSE Receiver for Electronic Dispersion Compensation of OC-192 Fiber Links , 2006, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[9]  T. Schorr,et al.  Performance and Complexity of Iterative Equalisation for FEC Systems in Optical PMD Channels , 2006, 2006 European Conference on Optical Communications.

[10]  William Shieh,et al.  Coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing , 2006 .

[11]  P. Winzer,et al.  Electronic predistortion and fiber nonlinearity , 2006, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[12]  Henning Bulow.  Outage vs PMD Tolerance Trade-Off for Fast Polarization Scrambling , 2006, 2006 European Conference on Optical Communications.

[13]  Fred Buchali,et al.  PMD mitigation at 10 Gbit/s using linear and nonlinear integrated electronic equaliser circuits , 2000 .

[14]  M. Elmasry,et al.  An electrically pre-equalized 10-Gb/s duobinary transmission system , 2005, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[15]  A. Dittrich,et al.  IMPLEMENTATION OF NEAR OPTIMUM ELECTRICAL EQUALISATION AT 10 Gbit/s , 2000 .

[16]  F. Buchali,et al.  Nonlinear limitations of electronic dispersion pre-compensation by intrachannel effects , 2006, 2006 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[17]  D. Breuer,et al.  Measurements of PMD in the installed fiber plant of Deutsche Telekom , 2003, 2003 Digest of LEOS Summer Topical Meeting (Cat. No.03TH8701).

[18]  Xiang Zhou,et al.  WDM technical trial with complete electronic dispersion compensation , 2006, 2006 European Conference on Optical Communications.

[19]  F. Buchali,et al.  Adaptation Techniques for Electronic Equalizers for the Mitigation of Time-Variant Distortions in 43 Gbit/s Optical Transmission Systems , 2007, OFC/NFOEC 2007 - 2007 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[20]  Fred Buchali,et al.  Enhancement of tolerances in transmission systems by analog and digital processing , 2005, SPIE/OSA/IEEE Asia Communications and Photonics.

[21]  A. Lowery,et al.  Orthogonal-Frequency-Division Multiplexing for Optical Dispersion Compensation , 2007, OFC/NFOEC 2007 - 2007 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[22]  M.G. Taylor,et al.  Coherent detection method using DSP for demodulation of signal and subsequent equalization of propagation impairments , 2004, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[23]  M. O'Sullivan,et al.  5120-km RZ-DPSK transmission over G.652 fiber at 10 Gb/s without optical dispersion compensation , 2006, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[24]  Richard D. Gitlin,et al.  Electrical signal processing techniques in long-haul fiber-optic systems , 1990, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[25]  Liang Du,et al.  Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing for Adaptive Dispersion Compensation in Long Haul WDM Systems , 2006, 2006 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[26]  Michael Schlechtweg,et al.  ISI mitigation using decision feedback loop demonstrated with PMD distorted 10 Gbit/s signals , 1999 .

[27]  Ivan B. Djordjevic,et al.  Adaptive BCJR Equalizer in Suppression of Intrachannel Nonlinearities , 2006, 2006 European Conference on Optical Communications.

[28]  F. Buchali,et al.  Performance of turbo equalizers for optical PMD channels , 2006, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[29]  Ut-Va Koc,et al.  Coherent Receivers for Practical Optical Communication Systems , 2007, OFC/NFOEC 2007 - 2007 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[30]  H. Bulow,et al.  Electronic PMD mitigation-from linear equalization to maximum-likelihood detection , 2001, OFC 2001. Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit. Technical Digest Postconference Edition (IEEE Cat. 01CH37171).

[31]  Gabriella Bosco,et al.  1,040km Uncompensated IMDD Transmission over G.652 Fiber at 10 Gbt/s using a Reduced-State SQRT-Metric MLSE Receiver , 2005 .

[32]  T. Schorr,et al.  Performance Comparison of MLSE and Iterative Equalization in FEC Systems for PMD Channels With Respect to Implementation Complexity , 2006, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[33]  Sander L. Jansen,et al.  20-Gb/s OFDM Transmission over 4,160-km SSMF Enabled by RF-Pilot Tone Phase Noise Compensation , 2007, OFC 2007.

[34]  K. Kikuchi,et al.  Coherent demodulation of 40-Gbit/s polarization-multiplexed QPSK signals with 16-GHz spacing after 200-km transmission , 2005, OFC/NFOEC Technical Digest. Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2005..

[35]  Lian-Kuan Chen,et al.  Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation for Chromatic Dispersion and Polarization Mode Dispersion Compensation in 3-Chip DPSK Modulation Format , 2007, OFC/NFOEC 2007 - 2007 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[36]  Kim B. Roberts,et al.  Electronic dispersion compensation techniques for optical communication systems , 2005 .

[37]  Zhuhong Zhang,et al.  Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) Performance of a Coherent 40Gbit/s Dual-Polarization Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DP-QPSK) Transceiver , 2007, OFC 2007.

[38]  S. Chandrasekhar,et al.  Demonstration of 100% precompensated DWDM transmission over 1280 km of SSMF with no inline dispersion compensation using interconnected recirculating loops , 2006, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[39]  J. Poirrier,et al.  Experimental nonlinear cancellation of polarization-mode dispersion , 2000, Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Technical Digest Postconference Edition. Trends in Optics and Photonics Vol.37 (IEEE Cat. No. 00CH37079).

[40]  Massimiliano Salsi,et al.  Efficient Mitigation of Fiber Impairments in an Ultra-Long Haul Transmission of 40Gbit/s Polarization-Multiplexed Data, by Digital Processing in a Coherent Receiver , 2007, OFC 2007.

[41]  P. Bayvel,et al.  Transmission of 42.8Gbit/s Polarization Multiplexed NRZ-QPSK over 6400km of Standard Fiber with no Optical Dispersion Compensation , 2007, OFC/NFOEC 2007 - 2007 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[42]  P. Bayvel,et al.  Digital Equalisation of 40Gbit/s per Wavelength Transmission over 2480km of Standard Fibre without Optical Dispersion Compensation , 2006, 2006 European Conference on Optical Communications.

[43]  C.R.S. Fludger,et al.  Electronic signal processing for differential phase modulation formats , 2004, Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2004. OFC 2004.

[44]  Andrew C. Singer,et al.  Electronic dispersion compensation , 2008, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

[45]  A. Klekamp,et al.  Experimental Comparison of PMD Tolerances of Binary 43Gb/s Modulation Formats without and with PMD Compensation , 2006, 2006 European Conference on Optical Communications.

[46]  Julien Poirrier.  FEC Operation in Combination With Electronic Dispersion Compensation , 2008, OFC/NFOEC 2008 - 2008 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.