Dynamics of continuous countercurrent mass-transfer processes—II. Single-component systems with nonlinear equilibria

Abstract Based on the differential model presented in Part I, this paper discusses the effects of nonlinear equilibria on the propagation dynamics of continuous countercurrent mass-transfer processes by the aid of a numerical solution and two approximations. A nonlinear equilibrium tends to sharpen or spread concentration waves as in fixed-bed sorption; it also substantially affects the direction and velocity of wave propagation. More importantly, it plays a critical part in the propagation of a disturbance over a nonuniform steady-state profile. This dynamic phenomenon can be qualitatively predicted by the theory of interference for fixed-bed sorption with proper adjustments.