multiomics: A user-friendly multi-omics data harmonisation R pipeline

Data from multiple omics layers of a biological system is growing in quantity, heterogeneity and dimensionality. Simultaneous multi-omics data integration is a growing field of research as it has strong potential to unlock information on previously hidden biological relationships leading to early diagnosis, prognosis and expedited treatments. Many tools for multi-omics data integration are being developed. However, these tools are often restricted to highly specific experimental designs, and types of omics data. While some general methods do exist, they require specific data formats and experimental conditions. A major limitation in the field is a lack of a single or multi-omics pipeline which can accept data in an unrefined, information-rich form pre-integration and subsequently generate output for further investigation. There is an increasing demand for a generic multi-omics pipeline to facilitate general-purpose data exploration and analysis of heterogeneous data. Therefore, we present our R multiomics pipeline as an easy to use and flexible pipeline that takes unrefined multi-omics data as input, sample information and user-specified parameters to generate a list of output plots and data tables for quality control and downstream analysis. We have demonstrated application of the pipeline on two separate COVID-19 case studies. We enabled limited checkpointing where intermediate output is staged to allow continuation after errors or interruptions in the pipeline and generate a script for reproducing the analysis to improve reproducibility. A seamless integration with the mixOmics R package is achieved, as the R data object can be loaded and manipulated with mixOmics functions. Our pipeline can be installed as an R package or from the git repository, and is accompanied by detailed documentation with walkthroughs on two case studies. The pipeline is also available as Docker and Singularity containers.