Process pattern and process capability evaluation model for interoperability in learning object environments

Abstract The variety of educational resources available on the Internet, the efforts made by educational institutions for the creation of digital content, the wide variety of educational platforms, and the lack of standardized processes in their development, means that the efforts are many but the impact poor. The objective of this research is to provide elements to standardize the development of virtual learning environments and to unify efforts through mechanisms for interoperability. A Reference Model of Processes for Interoperability in Learning Object Environments [RMPI] is presented, including a Process Pattern and an Assessment Model of Process Capability [AMPC], which would serve as an activity guide that educational institutions [HEI] can follow when implementing learning objects environments to make them reusable and beneficial for the users who exchange them. Among the main results are the formal definition of a process pattern, the identification of 115 activities for interoperability in the technical, syntactic, semantic, organizational, educational and cultural dimensions, the formulation of an Evaluation Model for the Capability of Processes and its disposition through a Web application for the self-evaluation of the HEI. The self-evaluation of 6 HEI was carried out following the developed model, which allowed its characterization according to its capacities for interoperability. From the results of this self-evaluation, it was possible to identify activities for the process pattern, to validate the capability levels and to know the vocation of the evaluated HEI.

[1]  Daniel Palacios-Marqués,et al.  Outstanding knowledge competences and web 2.0 practices for developing successful e-learning project management , 2013 .

[2]  Wanlei Zhou,et al.  A Semantic Web-Based Recommendation Framework of Educational Resources in E-Learning , 2018, Technology, Knowledge and Learning.

[3]  Luis E. Anido-Rifón,et al.  Standardization in computer-based education , 2014, Comput. Stand. Interfaces.

[4]  Angappa Gunasekaran,et al.  E‐learning: research and applications , 2002 .

[5]  Paulo Alonso Gaona-García,et al.  Model of Learning Objects Exchange between LCMS Platforms through Intelligent Agents , 2015 .

[6]  Naoufel Kraiem,et al.  Virt-res: Developing extended architectural design for computer science virtual resources using SOA , 2014 .

[7]  George D. Magoulas,et al.  Users' perceptions of e-learning environments and services effectiveness: The emergence of the concept functionality model , 2017, J. Enterp. Inf. Manag..

[8]  Liam Peyton,et al.  A framework for understanding process interoperability and health information technology , 2016 .

[9]  Mohamed Talea,et al.  Evolution of standardization and interoperability on E-learning systems: An overview , 2017, 2017 16th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET).

[10]  Ian Sommerville,et al.  Ingenieria Del Software , 2005 .

[11]  Dorothy E. Leidner,et al.  Research Commentary: Technology-Mediated Learning - A Call for Greater Depth and Breadth of Research , 2001, Inf. Syst. Res..

[12]  David Wiley,et al.  Connecting learning objects to instructional design theory: A definition, a metaphor, and a taxonomy , 2000 .

[13]  Snigdha Pattnaik,et al.  Emerging themes in e-learning: A review from the stakeholders' perspective , 2020, Comput. Educ..

[14]  Sai Peck Lee,et al.  An interoperability model for ultra large scale systems , 2014, Adv. Eng. Softw..

[15]  Petter Gottschalk,et al.  Maturity levels for interoperability in digital government , 2009, Gov. Inf. Q..

[16]  Kurt Hornik,et al.  Open-source machine learning: R meets Weka , 2009, Comput. Stat..

[17]  Cleo Sgouropoulou,et al.  Ensemble Learning Using Fuzzy Weights to Improve Learning Style Identification for Adapted Instructional Routines , 2020, Entropy.

[18]  C. Selltiz.  Métodos de investigación en las relaciones sociales , 1971 .

[19]  Dong-Her Shih,et al.  An implementation framework for E-Government 2.0 , 2015, Telematics Informatics.

[20]  WenChieh Wu,et al.  The Effectiveness of e-Learning for Blended Courses in Colleges: A Multi-level Empirical Study , 2010, Int. J. Electron. Bus. Manag..

[21]  Jaime Munoz,et al.  Educational resources as learning Web services, an alternative point of view to learning objects. , 2017, IEEE Latin America Transactions.

[22]  Eduardo Salas,et al.  E-Learning in Organizations , 2005 .

[23]  Yannis Charalabidis,et al.  Towards Standardising Interoperability Levels for Information Systems of Public Administrations , 2008 .

[24]  Manuel J. Fernndez-Iglesias,et al.  Cross-repository aggregation of educational resources , 2018 .

[25]  Fahad Alahmari,et al.  Reference Model of E-learning and Quality to Establish Interoperability in Higher Education Systems , 2020, Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn..

[26]  Cleo Sgouropoulou,et al.  Collaboration and fuzzy-modeled personalization for mobile game-based learning in higher education , 2020, Comput. Educ..

[27]  Brenda L. Flores-Rios,et al.  Processes Reference Model for Interoperability in Learning Object Environments , 2017, 2017 5th International Conference in Software Engineering Research and Innovation (CONISOFT).

[28]  Md. Tanwir Uddin Haider,et al.  Personalized assessment model for alphabets learning with learning objects in e-learning environment for dyslexia , 2017, J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci..

[29]  Xavier Le Pallec,et al.  Contextualizing Learning Scenarios According to Different Learning Management Systems , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies.

[30]  Tomasz Janowski,et al.  Interoperability in Big, Open, and Linked Data--Organizational Maturity, Capabilities, and Data Portfolios , 2014, Computer.

[31]  E. Herreras.  Investigación Educativa. Una introducción conceptual , 2017 .

[32]  Carlo De Medio,et al.  MoodleREC: A recommendation system for creating courses using the moodle e-learning platform , 2020, Comput. Hum. Behav..