Anaerobic Treatment of Industrial Wastewater by UASB Reactor Integrated with Chemical Oxidation Processes; an Overview

In order to upgrade the quality of anaerobically treated effluent to a level recommended for irrigation, integration of a UASB reactor with UV and AOPs (advanced oxidation processes) (Ozone, H2O2/UV, Fenton, and photo-Fenton) could be a better option for almost complete colour, COD removal, and disinfection of pathogens. High efficiency of the UASB can be maintained by proper process conditions, including temperature, sludge age, pH, hydraulic retention time, and gas-liquid-solid separator (GLSS) design. A fraction of the COD and colour is usually non-biodegradable and renders difficulty for anaerobic digestion. AOPs degrade the organic molecules and converting completely the organic compounds to non-toxic components such as CO2 and/or water. As far as disinfection is concerned, advanced oxidation processes are proved to be extremely effective in killing pathogens (total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococci, salmonella, and E. coli) due to their strong oxidative characters. Although AOPs effectively accomplish pathogen elimination, re-growth of pathogenic microorganisms can take place in the treated effluent. Re-growth potential of pathogens provides helpful information about the quality of the treated water, which is very important in all possible reuse options. The combined application of AOPs with anaerobic treatment minimizes the chances of regrowth due to irreparable damage to nucleic acid. This review paper focuses primarily on the process conditions and treatment efficiency for UASB treatment systems, and to evaluate the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) as an option for post treatment.

[1]  Gatze Lettinga,et al.  The effect of liquid upward velocity and hydraulic retention time on granulation in UASB reactors treating wastewater with a high sulphate content , 1993 .

[2]  Gatze Lettinga,et al.  Anaerobic Treatment of Domestic Wastewater in Small Scale UASB Reactors , 1993 .

[3]  J. Beltrán-Heredia,et al.  Degradation of protocatechuic acid by two advanced oxidation processes: Ozone/UV radiation and H2O2UV radiation , 1996 .

[4]  William H. Glaze,et al.  The Chemistry of Water Treatment Processes Involving Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide and Ultraviolet Radiation , 1987 .

[5]  J. Perkowski,et al.  Decolouration of Real Textile Wastewater with Advanced Oxidation Processes , 2003 .

[6]  Shunni Zhu,et al.  Treatment of coking wastewater by a UBF-BAF combined process , 2008 .

[7]  D. Vesley,et al.  Vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide as a surface decontaminant and sterilant , 1990, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[8]  Isil Akmehmet Balcioglu,et al.  Advanced oxidation of raw and biotreated textile industry wastewater with O3, H2O2 /UV‐C and their sequential application , 2001 .

[9]  Sixto Malato,et al.  Advanced oxidation processes for water treatment: advances and trends for R & D , 2008 .

[10]  R. A. Barbosa,et al.  Treatment of raw domestic sewage in an UASB reactor , 1989 .

[11]  Herbert H. P. Fang,et al.  Effect of HRT on mesophilic acidogenesis of dairy wastewater , 2000 .

[12]  Hongde Zhou,et al.  Advanced technologies in water and wastewater treatment , 2001 .

[13]  E. Catalkaya,et al.  Photochemical degradation and mineralization of 4-chlorophenol , 2003, Environmental science and pollution research international.

[14]  M. Notarnicola,et al.  Advanced treatment and disinfection for municipal wastewater reuse in agriculture , 1999 .

[15]  K. Barbusiński,et al.  Aerobic sludge digestion in the presence of chemical oxidizing agents. Part II. Fenton's reagent , 2000 .

[16]  Ö. Yavuz,et al.  Removal of Direct Dyes from Aqueous Solution Using Various Adsorbents , 2006 .

[17]  W. Wiegant.  Experiences and potential of anaerobic wastewater treatment in tropical regions. , 2001, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[18]  A. Yasar,et al.  Energy requirement of ultraviolet and AOPs for the post-treatment- of treated combined industrial effluent , 2006 .

[19]  K. Dodd,et al.  Evaluation of tertiary filtration and disinfection systems for upgrading high‐purity oxygen‐activated sludge plant effluent , 1997 .

[20]  Jules B. van Lier,et al.  Appropriate technologies for effective management of industrial and domestic waste waters : The decentralised approach , 1999 .

[21]  Thor Axel Stenström,et al.  Faecal contamination of greywater and associated microbial risks. , 2003, Water research.

[22]  Kuo-Hua Wang,et al.  The formation of disinfection by-products in water treated with chlorine dioxide. , 2000, Journal of hazardous materials.

[23]  P.F.F. Cavalcanti,et al.  Integrated Application of the UASB Reactor and Ponds for Domestic Sewage Treatment in Tropical Regions , 2003 .

[24]  M. Chaudhry,et al.  Sludge granulation and efficiency of phase separator in UASB reactor treating combined industrial effluent. , 2007, Journal of environmental sciences.

[25]  Xavier Domènech,et al.  Fenton and photo-Fenton oxidation of textile effluents. , 2002, Water research.

[26]  J. Frank,et al.  Control of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Turbidity in Poultry-Processing Chiller Water Using UV-Enhanced Ozonation , 2001 .

[27]  H. D. Stensel,et al.  Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse , 2002 .

[28]  M. A. U. Rehman,et al.  Ozone for Color and COD Removal of Raw and Anaerobically Biotreated Combined Industrial Wastewater , 2006 .

[29]  N. Azbar,et al.  Comparison of various advanced oxidation processes and chemical treatment methods for COD and color removal from a polyester and acetate fiber dyeing effluent. , 2004, Chemosphere.

[30]  S Uemura,et al.  Removal of indigenous coliphages and fecal coliforms by a novel sewage treatment system consisting of UASB and DHS units. , 2002, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[31]  L. Seghezzo,et al.  Anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater in subtropical regions , 2004 .

[32]  I. Tejero-Monzón,et al.  An evaluation of the efficiency and impact of raw wastewater disinfection with peracetic acid prior to ocean discharge , 1995 .

[33]  M. F. Sevimli,et al.  Effect of Some Operational Parameters on the Decolorization of Textile Effluents and Dye Solutions by Ozonation , 2005, Environmental technology.

[34]  Nan Bao,et al.  Degradation of biorefractory furaltadone in aqueous solution by ozonation , 2008 .

[35]  A. Yasar,et al.  Pathogen Re-Growth in UASB Effluent Disinfected By UV, O3, H2O2, and Advanced Oxidation Processes , 2007 .

[36]  K. Anzai,et al.  Oxidation-dependent changes in the stability and permeability of lipid bilayers. , 1999, Antioxidants & redox signaling.

[37]  T. J. Britz,et al.  Influence of organic loading rate and hydraulic retention time on the efficiency of a UASB bioreactor treating a canning factory effluent , 1998 .

[38]  I. Suffet,et al.  Ozonation and oxidation competition values: Relationship to disinfection and microorganisms regrowth , 1984 .

[39]  W. Rulkens,et al.  Photochemical elimination of phenols and cod in industrial wastewaters , 1997 .

[40]  D. Sponza,et al.  Ultimate azo dye degradation in anaerobic/aerobic sequential processes. , 2002, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[41]  Hideki Harada,et al.  Treatment of raw sewage in a temperate climate using a UASB reactor and the hanging sponge cubes process , 1997 .

[42]  A. Yasar,et al.  Decolorization of Blue CL-BR dye by AOPs using bleach wastewater as source of H2O2. , 2007, Journal of environmental sciences.

[43]  A Ohashi,et al.  Performance comparison of a pilot-scale UASB and DHS system and activated sludge process for the treatment of municipal wastewater. , 2007, Water research.

[44]  M von Sperling,et al.  Performance evaluation of a UASB--activated sludge system treating municipal wastewater. , 2001, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[45]  Ralf Otterpohl,et al.  Anaerobic biodegradability and treatment of grey water in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. , 2007, Water research.

[46]  I. Arslan.  Heterogeneous photocatalytic treatment of simulated dyehouse effluents using novel TiO2-photocatalysts , 2000 .

[47]  J Wu,et al.  Ozonation of aqueous azo dye in a semi-batch reactor. , 2001, Water research.

[48]  W. Tumas,et al.  Figures-of-Merit for the Technical Development and Application of Advanced Oxidation Processes , 1996 .

[49]  Jose A. Casas,et al.  An overview of the application of Fenton oxidation to industrial wastewaters treatment , 2008 .

[50]  G. Mailhot,et al.  Iron (III) aquacomplexes as effective photocatalysts for the degradation of pesticides in homogeneous aqueous solutions. , 2002, The Science of the total environment.