Response to waste electrical and electronic equipments in China: legislation, recycling system, and advanced integrated process.

Over the past 30 years, China has been suffering from negative environmental impacts from distempered waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEE) recycling activities. For the purpose of environmental protection and resource reusing, China made a great effort to improve WEEE recycling. This article reviews progresses of three major fields in the development of China's WEEE recycling industry: legal system, formal recycling system, and advanced integrated process. Related laws concerning electronic waste (e-waste) management and renewable resource recycling are analyzed from aspects of improvements and loopholes. The outcomes and challenges for existing formal recycling systems are also discussed. The advantage and deficiency related to advanced integrated recycling processes for typical e-wastes are evaluated respectively. Finally, in order to achieve high disposal rates of WEEE, high-quantify separation of different materials in WEEE and high added value final products produced by separated materials from WEEE, an idea of integrated WEEE recycling system is proposed to point future development of WEEE recycling industry.

[1]  Chen Jia,et al.  On the Legislation of Electro-waste , 2006 .

[2]  Zhenming Xu,et al.  Manufacturing process of reproduction plate by nonmetallic materials reclaimed from pulverized printed circuit boards. , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.

[3]  Ewa Rudnik,et al.  Hydrometallurgical recovery of cadmium and nickel from spent Ni-Cd batteries , 2007 .

[4]  Keqiang Qiu,et al.  A new technology for recycling materials from waste printed circuit boards. , 2010, Journal of hazardous materials.

[5]  Zhigang Shen,et al.  The reuse of nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards as reinforcing fillers in the polypropylene composites. , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.

[6]  Qi Wang,et al.  Hazardous waste generation and management in China: a review. , 2008, Journal of hazardous materials.

[7]  Harvey Alter,et al.  Environmentally sound management of the recycling of hazardous wastes in the context of the Basel Convention , 2000 .

[8]  Nourreddine Menad,et al.  Cathode ray tube recycling , 1999 .

[9]  Zhenming Xu,et al.  Phenolic molding compound filled with nonmetals of waste PCBs. , 2008, Environmental science & technology.

[10]  Wei Shan-shan.  Comparison of Overseas E-waste Recycling Systems and Their Enlightment to China , 2009 .

[11]  Wang Chunmei,et al.  Environmental Policies in China over the Past 10 Years: Progress, Problems and Prospects , 2010 .

[12]  Jinhui Li,et al.  Recovery of valuable materials from waste liquid crystal display panel. , 2009, Waste management.

[13]  Jia Li,et al.  Critical rotational speed model of the rotating roll electrode in corona electrostatic separation for recycling waste printed circuit boards. , 2008, Journal of hazardous materials.

[14]  Zhenming Xu,et al.  Characterization and recycling of cadmium from waste nickel-cadmium batteries. , 2010, Waste management.

[15]  Eric Forssberg,et al.  Mechanical recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment: a review. , 2003, Journal of hazardous materials.

[16]  Zhenming Xu,et al.  A novel process for recovering valuable metals from waste nickel-cadmium batteries. , 2009, Environmental science & technology.

[17]  Brett H Robinson,et al.  E-waste: an assessment of global production and environmental impacts. , 2009, The Science of the total environment.

[18]  Javier Revilla Diez,et al.  The localization of electronics manufacturing in the Greater Pearl River Delta, China: Do global implants put down local roots? , 2012 .

[19]  Carl Johan Rydh,et al.  Life Cycle Inventory of Recycling Portable Nickel-Cadmium Batteries , 2002 .

[20]  Rolf Widmer,et al.  Global perspectives on e-waste , 2005 .

[21]  M. Eugster,et al.  The recycling and disposal of electrical and electronic waste in China—legislative and market responses , 2005 .

[22]  Zhenming Xu,et al.  A plate produced by nonmetallic materials of pulverized waste printed circuit boards. , 2008, Environmental science & technology.

[23]  Takayoshi Shinkuma,et al.  The flow of E-waste material in the Asian region and a reconsideration of international trade policies on E-waste , 2009 .

[24]  Zongguo Wen,et al.  Environmental Policies in China: Evolvement, Features and Evaluation , 2007 .

[25]  Joseph LaDou,et al.  Printed circuit board industry. , 2006, International journal of hygiene and environmental health.

[26]  Hong Liang.  Recycling waste television monitor , 2006 .

[27]  Jia Li,et al.  Recycle technology for recovering resources and products from waste printed circuit boards. , 2007, Environmental science & technology.

[28]  M. I. Khan,et al.  Heavy metal and persistent organic compound contamination in soil from Wenling: an emerging e-waste recycling city in Taizhou area, China. , 2010, Journal of hazardous materials.

[29]  F. Renaud,et al.  A review of the environmental fate and effects of hazardous substances released from electrical and electronic equipments during recycling: Examples from China and India , 2010 .

[30]  Yuemin Zhao,et al.  Evaluating the treatment of E-waste — a case study of discarded refrigerators , 2008 .

[31]  Zhenming Xu,et al.  Application of glass-nonmetals of waste printed circuit boards to produce phenolic moulding compound. , 2008, Journal of hazardous materials.

[32]  Shunsuke Managi,et al.  On the effectiveness of a license scheme for E-waste recycling: The challenge of China and India , 2010 .

[33]  Hans-Peter Fahrni.  Battery-recycling as a part of the Swiss waste management concept , 1995 .

[34]  Zhenming Xu,et al.  Enhancement of the recycling of waste Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries by mechanical treatment. , 2011, Waste management.

[35]  Ming H Wong,et al.  Trace metal contamination of sediments in an e-waste processing village in China. , 2007, Environmental pollution.

[36]  D. Fray,et al.  Recovery of high purity precious metals from printed circuit boards. , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.

[37]  Zhenming Xu,et al.  Wood plastic composite produced by nonmetals from pulverized waste printed circuit boards. , 2010, Environmental science & technology.

[38]  Yasuhiro Matsui,et al.  Economic evaluation of optional recycling processes for waste electronic home appliances , 2009 .

[39]  Bin Zhang,et al.  Willingness and behavior towards e-waste recycling for residents in Beijing city, China , 2011 .

[40]  Jining Chen,et al.  China's recyclable resources recycling system and policy: A case study in Suzhou , 2009 .

[41]  Teh Fu Yen,et al.  Encapsulation of lead from hazardous CRT glass wastes using biopolymer cross-linked concrete systems. , 2009, Waste management.

[42]  Cheng Xu,et al.  WEEE flow and mitigating measures in China. , 2008, Waste management.

[43]  Chaofeng Shao,et al.  Managing e-waste in China: Policies, pilot projects and alternative approaches , 2010 .

[44]  Takeshi Komai,et al.  Leaching behavior of CRT funnel glass. , 2010, Journal of hazardous materials.

[45]  Jiang Wu,et al.  Electrostatic separation for multi-size granule of crushed printed circuit board waste using two-roll separator. , 2008, Journal of hazardous materials.

[46]  Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa,et al.  An overview on the current processes for the recycling of batteries , 2004 .

[47]  Zhenming Xu,et al.  Electrostatic separation for recovering metals and nonmetals from waste printed circuit board: problems and improvements. , 2008, Environmental science & technology.

[48]  Hugo Marcelo Veit,et al.  Recovery of copper from printed circuit boards scraps by mechanical processing and electrometallurgy. , 2006, Journal of hazardous materials.

[49]  Guangming Li,et al.  WEEE recovery strategies and the WEEE treatment status in China. , 2006, Journal of hazardous materials.

[50]  Zhenming Xu,et al.  An environmental friendly recovery production line of waste toner cartridges. , 2011, Journal of hazardous materials.

[51]  Jie Guo,et al.  Recycling of waste printed circuit boards: a review of current technologies and treatment status in China. , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.

[52]  Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa,et al.  Recycling of nickel-cadmium batteries-Thermogravimetric behavior of electrodes , 2006 .

[53]  Kun-Min Zhang,et al.  Review and challenges of policies of environmental protection and sustainable development in China. , 2008, Journal of environmental management.

[54]  Lijun Wang,et al.  The changes of China's environmental policies in the latest 30 years , 2010 .

[55]  Jia Li,et al.  Optimizing the operating parameters of corona electrostatic separation for recycling waste scraped printed circuit boards by computer simulation of electric field. , 2008, Journal of hazardous materials.

[56]  F.O. Ongondo,et al.  How are WEEE doing? A global review of the management of electrical and electronic wastes. , 2011, Waste management.

[57]  I Chao,et al.  An Analysis of Japan's Implementation of the Home Appliance Recycling Law , 2008 .

[58]  Oladele Osibanjo,et al.  Overview of electronic waste (e-waste) management practices and legislations, and their poor applications in the developing countries , 2008 .

[59]  Martin Streicher-Porte,et al.  Informal electronic waste recycling: a sector review with special focus on China. , 2011, Waste management.

[60]  Zhenming Xu,et al.  Environmental friendly automated line for recovering the cabinet of waste refrigerator. , 2011, Waste management.

[61]  Dong Xiang,et al.  Products made from nonmetallic materials reclaimed from waste printed circuit boards , 2007 .