Synchrotron X‐ray analyses demonstrate phosphate‐bound gadolinium in skin in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis

Background  Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is an incurable, debilitating disease found exclusively in patients with decreased kidney function and comprises a fibrosing disorder of the skin and systemic tissues. The disease is associated with exposure to gadolinium (Gd)‐based contrast agents (GBCA) used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tissue samples from many patients with NSF contain micron‐sized insoluble Gd‐containing deposits. However, the precise composition and chemical nature of these particles is unclear.

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