Cell-interactive 3D-scaffold; advances and applications.

Culturing cells ex vivo that differentiate and maintain in vivo characteristics holds great promise not only for the pragmatic revelations of cell function but also in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Lack of de-novo extra-cellular matrix (ECM) milieu, which plays a crucial role in generating physical and chemical signals besides providing structural support is attributed to be the major hurdle in normal cell growth in vitro. Hence, to comprehend the outcome of cell biology research in clinical context, it is important that the cell culture based models should incorporate both the three dimensional (3D) organization and multi cellular complexity of an organ while allowing experimental interventions in a desirable manner. This calls for the development of ECM-mimicking 3D scaffold, which can be integrated with relevant ECM cues to offer cell interactive versatility for different medical and non-medical applications. Present review discusses the status of ECM mimicking for 3D cell culture and its diverse implications.

[1]  E Bell,et al.  A blood vessel model constructed from collagen and cultured vascular cells. , 1986, Science.

[2]  S. Stupp,et al.  Supramolecular Materials: Self-Organized Nanostructures , 1997, Science.

[3]  R L Reis,et al.  In vivo response to starch-based scaffolds designed for bone tissue engineering applications. , 2007, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[4]  Y. Son,et al.  Reconstruction of basement membrane in skin equivalent; role of laminin-1 , 2001, Archives of Dermatological Research.

[5]  Sun-Woong Kang,et al.  Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres as an injectable scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. , 2005, Tissue engineering.

[6]  J. West,et al.  Modification of surfaces with cell adhesion peptides alters extracellular matrix deposition. , 1999, Biomaterials.

[7]  J. Risteli,et al.  Atrial extracellular matrix remodelling in patients with atrial fibrillation , 2007, Journal of cellular and molecular medicine.

[8]  Samuel I Stupp,et al.  Peptide-amphiphile nanofibers: A versatile scaffold for the preparation of self-assembling materials , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[9]  Shulamit Levenberg,et al.  Tissue Engineering of Vascularized Cardiac Muscle From Human Embryonic Stem Cells , 2007, Circulation research.

[10]  F. Lin,et al.  Gelatin/chondroitin-6-sulfate copolymer scaffold for culturing human nucleus pulposus cells in vitro with production of extracellular matrix. , 2005, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[11]  A S Hoffman,et al.  Protein adsorption to poly(ethylene oxide) surfaces. , 1991, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[12]  R. Langer,et al.  Designing materials for biology and medicine , 2004, Nature.

[13]  D. Alberts,et al.  Quantitation of differential sensitivity of human-tumor stem cells to anticancer drugs. , 1978, The New England journal of medicine.

[14]  D. Mooney,et al.  Engineered smooth muscle tissues: regulating cell phenotype with the scaffold. , 1999, Experimental cell research.

[15]  Edward Y Lee,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of a model extracellular matrix that induces partial regeneration of adult mammalian skin. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[16]  D E Ingber,et al.  Mechanochemical switching between growth and differentiation during fibroblast growth factor-stimulated angiogenesis in vitro: role of extracellular matrix , 1989, The Journal of cell biology.

[17]  D. Mooney,et al.  Hydrogels for tissue engineering: scaffold design variables and applications. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[18]  L. Nicolais,et al.  Cellulose derivative-hyaluronic acid-based microporous hydrogels cross-linked through divinyl sulfone (DVS) to modulate equilibrium sorption capacity and network stability. , 2004, Biomacromolecules.

[19]  Young Ha Kim,et al.  Elastic biodegradable poly(glycolide-co-caprolactone) scaffold for tissue engineering. , 2003, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[20]  Mina J Bissell,et al.  Modeling tissue-specific signaling and organ function in three dimensions , 2003, Journal of Cell Science.

[21]  K. Na,et al.  Enhancement of the adhesion of fibroblasts by peptide containing an Arg-Gly-Asp sequence with poly(ethylene glycol) into a thermo-reversible hydrogel as a synthetic extracellular matrix , 2005, Biotechnology Letters.

[22]  Xiaoying Cao,et al.  Porous polylactide/chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering. , 2007, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[23]  R M Nerem,et al.  Tissue engineering: from basic science to products: a preface. , 1995, Tissue engineering.

[24]  Ulrich Kneser,et al.  Hepatic tissue engineering: from transplantation to customized cell-based liver directed therapies from the laboratory , 2007, Journal of cellular and molecular medicine.

[25]  Glenn D Prestwich,et al.  Synthesis and evaluation of injectable, in situ crosslinkable synthetic extracellular matrices for tissue engineering. , 2006, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[26]  M J Bissell,et al.  Functional differentiation and alveolar morphogenesis of primary mammary cultures on reconstituted basement membrane. , 1989, Development.

[27]  Charles A Vacanti,et al.  Tissue engineering: The first decade and beyond , 1998, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

[28]  Kytai Truong Nguyen,et al.  Photopolymerizable hydrogels for tissue engineering applications. , 2002, Biomaterials.

[29]  Peter X Ma,et al.  Porogen-induced surface modification of nano-fibrous poly(L-lactic acid) scaffolds for tissue engineering. , 2006, Biomaterials.

[30]  D J Mooney,et al.  Development of biocompatible synthetic extracellular matrices for tissue engineering. , 1998, Trends in biotechnology.

[31]  A Arkudas,et al.  Autonomously vascularized cellular constructs in tissue engineering: opening a new perspective for biomedical science , 2007, Journal of cellular and molecular medicine.

[32]  D. Luo,et al.  Evaluation of RGD Modification on Collagen Matrix , 2006, Artificial cells, blood substitutes, and immobilization biotechnology.

[33]  J L West,et al.  Smooth muscle cell growth in photopolymerized hydrogels with cell adhesive and proteolytically degradable domains: synthetic ECM analogs for tissue engineering. , 2001, Biomaterials.

[34]  Christopher S. Chen,et al.  Engineering cellular microenvironments to improve cell-based drug testing. , 2002, Drug discovery today.

[35]  Shuguang Zhang Fabrication of novel biomaterials through molecular self-assembly , 2003, Nature Biotechnology.

[36]  Michael S. Goldberg,et al.  Nanostructured materials for applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering , 2007, Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition.

[37]  K W Anderson,et al.  Cell-interactive Alginate Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering , 2001, Journal of dental research.

[38]  J. West,et al.  Val-ala-pro-gly, an elastin-derived non-integrin ligand: smooth muscle cell adhesion and specificity. , 2003, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A.

[39]  Cato T Laurencin,et al.  Human endothelial cell growth and phenotypic expression on three dimensional poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) sintered microsphere scaffolds for bone tissue engineering , 2007, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[40]  S. Sen,et al.  Matrix Elasticity Directs Stem Cell Lineage Specification , 2006, Cell.