Produtividade da cana-de-açúcar relacionada à localização de adubos nitrogenados aplicados sobre os resíduos culturais em canavial sem queima

Knowledge about the proper management of not-burned sugar cane is still limited, particularly regarding nitrogen fertilization. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate sugar cane yield, the balance of 15N fertilizers in the soil-plant-residue system and ammonia loss by volatilization in sugarcane ratoon crop without straw burning prior to mechanical harvesting, comparing different locations of surface-applied nitrogen fertilizers. The sugar cane variety SP81-3250. Treatments were arranged in a complete randomized blocks, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of four N fertilizer sources: ammonium nitrate (AN), ammonium sulfate (AS), urea and Uran, applied over the residues in two ways: over the entire area or side dressed on both sides of the ratoon crop line, at a rate of 70 kg N ha-1. The plots treated with AS and urea were divided in microplots with 15N labeled fertilizers. The ammonia losses by volatilization were higher for urea and uran, which contain amidic nitrogen, especially when sidedressed in bands. Ammonia losses by volatilization caused a reduction in yield, whereas the location of the fertilizer-N had no influence on the sugar cane yield. Independent of the nitrogen source location, the recovery of 15N from AS in sugar cane was twice as high as from urea. The nitrogen recovered in the soil-plant-trash system was 74 and 55 % of the N applied as AS and urea, respectively.