Biexponential apparent diffusion coefficient parametrization in adult vs newborn brain.

The decay of brain water signal with b-factor in adult and newborn brains has been measured over an extended b-factor range. Measurements of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) decay curves were made at 16 b-factors from 100 to 5000 s/mm(2) along three orthogonal directions using a line scan diffusion imaging (LSDI) sequence to acquire data from 0.09 ml voxels in a mid-brain axial slice. Regions-of-interest (ROIs) in cortical gray (CG) and white matter in the internal capsule (IC) were selected for ADC decay curve analyses using a biexponential fitting model over this extended b-factor range. Measures of the fast and slow ADC component amplitudes and the traces of the fast and slow diffusion coefficients were obtained from CG and IC ROIs in both adults and newborns. The ADC decay curves from the newborn brain regions were found to have a significantly higher fraction of the fast diffusion ADC component than corresponding regions in the adult brain. The results demonstrate that post-natal brain development has a profound affect on the biexponential parameters which characterize the decay of water signal over an extended b-factor range in both gray and white matter.

[1]  Y Tamagawa,et al.  Adult and neonatal human brain: diffusional anisotropy and myelination with diffusion-weighted MR imaging. , 1991, Radiology.

[2]  T. Duong,et al.  Evaluation of extra‐ and intracellular apparent diffusion in normal and globally ischemic rat brain via 19F NMR , 1998, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[3]  R V Mulkern,et al.  MR line scan diffusion imaging of the brain in children. , 1999, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[4]  C. Pierpaoli,et al.  Comparative MR imaging study of brain maturation in kittens with T1, T2, and the trace of the diffusion tensor. , 1999, Radiology.

[5]  H. Kinney,et al.  Sequence of Central Nervous System Myelination in Human Infancy. II. Patterns of Myelination in Autopsied Infants , 1988, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[6]  A. Barzykin,et al.  Theory of spin echo in restricted geometries under a step-wise gradient pulse sequence. , 1999, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[7]  K G Helmer,et al.  The application of porous‐media theory to the investigation of time‐dependent diffusion in in vivo systems , 1995, NMR in biomedicine.

[8]  J. Dobbing,et al.  Quantitative growth and development of human brain , 1973, Archives of disease in childhood.

[9]  Paul T. Callaghan,et al.  Pulsed-Gradient Spin-Echo NMR for Planar, Cylindrical, and Spherical Pores under Conditions of Wall Relaxation , 1995 .

[10]  Kuchel,et al.  Analytical Solutions and Simulations for Spin-Echo Measurements of Diffusion of Spins in a Sphere with Surface and Bulk Relaxation , 1996, Journal of magnetic resonance. Series B.

[11]  P. Basser,et al.  Toward a quantitative assessment of diffusion anisotropy , 1996, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[12]  A. Istratov,et al.  Exponential analysis in physical phenomena , 1999 .

[13]  P. Basser,et al.  MR diffusion tensor spectroscopy and imaging. , 1994, Biophysical journal.

[14]  Stapf,et al.  NMR characterization of the pore structure and anisotropic self-diffusion in salt water Ice , 2000, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[15]  U. Tuor,et al.  Diffusion- andT 2-Weighted Increases in Magnetic Resonance Images of Immature Brain during Hypoxia–Ischemia: Transient Reversal Posthypoxia , 1998, Experimental Neurology.

[16]  Gary P. Zientara,et al.  Spin‐echoes for diffusion in bounded, heterogeneous media: A numerical study , 1980 .

[17]  R M Henkelman,et al.  Diffusional anisotropy of T2 components in bovine optic nerve , 1998, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[18]  D. Norris,et al.  Biexponential diffusion attenuation in various states of brain tissue: Implications for diffusion‐weighted imaging , 1996, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[19]  S. Maier,et al.  Microstructural Development of Human Newborn Cerebral White Matter Assessed in Vivo by Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging , 1998, Pediatric Research.

[20]  T Nakagawa,et al.  Diffusional anisotropy of the human brain assessed with diffusion-weighted MR: relation with normal brain development and aging. , 1994, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[21]  S. Maier,et al.  Line scan diffusion imaging: characterization in healthy subjects and stroke patients. , 1998, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[22]  B. Penke,et al.  Diffusional anisotropy is induced by subcellular barriers in skeletal muscle , 1999, NMR in biomedicine.

[23]  Y. Cohen,et al.  Non-mono-exponential attenuation of water and N-acetyl aspartate signals due to diffusion in brain tissue. , 1998, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[24]  D. Le Bihan,et al.  Water diffusion compartmentation and anisotropy at high b values in the human brain , 2000, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[25]  D L Buckley,et al.  The effect of ouabain on water diffusion in the rat hippocampal slice measured by high resolution NMR imaging , 1999, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[26]  Callaghan,et al.  A simple matrix formalism for spin echo analysis of restricted diffusion under generalized gradient waveforms , 1997, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[27]  A. Szafer,et al.  An analytical model of restricted diffusion in bovine optic nerve , 1997, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[28]  C. Westin,et al.  Multi‐component apparent diffusion coefficients in human brain † , 1999, NMR in biomedicine.

[29]  K. Zou,et al.  Multi‐component apparent diffusion coefficients in human brain: Relationship to spin‐lattice relaxation , 2000, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[30]  J. Maclaurin.  Changes in body water distribution during the first two weeks of life. , 1966, Archives of disease in childhood.

[31]  P. Basser,et al.  Diffusion tensor MR imaging of the human brain. , 1996, Radiology.

[32]  Measurement and analysis of nonexponential signal decay curves in brain diffusion and muscle relaxation magnetic resonance studies in humans , 1999 .

[33]  S. Maier,et al.  MR line-scan diffusion imaging of the spinal cord in children. , 2000, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[34]  Baldwin Robertson,et al.  Spin-Echo Decay of Spins Diffusing in a Bounded Region , 1966 .

[35]  Ferenc A. Jolesz,et al.  Water diffusion, T2, and compartmentation in frog sciatic nerve , 1999 .

[36]  T Nakagawa,et al.  MR assessment of normal brain development in neonates and infants: comparative study of T1- and diffusion-weighted images. , 1997, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[37]  A. Connelly,et al.  Proceedings of the ISMRM , 2003 .

[38]  A. Snyder,et al.  Normal brain in human newborns: apparent diffusion coefficient and diffusion anisotropy measured by using diffusion tensor MR imaging. , 1998, Radiology.

[39]  A. Maclennan,et al.  Hydration in the first 24 h of postnatal life in normal infants born vaginally or by caesarean section. , 1982, Early human development.

[40]  B. Brody,et al.  Sequence of Central Nervous System Myelination in Human Infancy. I. An Autopsy Study of Myelination , 1987, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.