The Influence of Precipitation, High Levels of Al, Si, P and a Small B Addition on the Hot Ductility of TWIP and TRIP Assisted Steels: A Critical Review

The hot ductility of Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) and Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steels is reviewed, concentrating on the likelihood of cracking occurring on continuous casting during the straightening operation. In this review, the influence of high levels of Al, Si, P, Mn and C on their hot ductility will be discussed as well as the important role B can play in improving their hot ductility. Of these elements, Al has the worst influence on ductility but a high Al addition is often needed in both TWIP and TRIP steels. AlN precipitates are formed often as thin coatings covering the austenite grain surfaces favouring intergranular failure and making them difficult to continuous cast without cracks forming. Furthermore, with TWIP steels the un-recrystallised austenite, which is the state the austenite is when straightening, suffers from excessive grain boundary sliding, so that the ductility often decreases with increasing temperature, resulting in the RA value being below that needed to avoid cracking on straightening. Fortunately, the addition of B can often be used to remedy the deleterious influence of AlN. The influence of precipitation hardeners (Nb, V and Ti based) in strengthening the room temperature yield strength of these TWIP steels and their influence on hot ductility is also discussed.

[1]  B. Mintz,et al.  The influence of grain size and precipitation and a boron addition on the hot ductility of a high Al, V containing TWIP steels , 2021, Materials Science and Technology.

[2]  M. Mills,et al.  Stacking fault energy in concentrated alloys , 2021, Nature Communications.

[3]  B. Mintz,et al.  Understanding the high temperature side of the hot ductility curve for steels , 2021, Materials Science and Technology.

[4]  B. Mintz,et al.  Influence of vanadium, boron and titanium on hot ductility of high Al, TWIP steels , 2021 .

[5]  C. Horvath.  Advanced steels for lightweight automotive structures , 2021, Materials, Design and Manufacturing for Lightweight Vehicles.

[6]  I. Figueroa,et al.  Influence of Boron Content on the Solidification Structure, Magnetic Properties and Hot Mechanical Behavior in an Advanced As-Cast TWIP Steel , 2020, Metals.

[7]  W. Wang,et al.  THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF BN, AlN AND TiN PRECIPITATION IN BORON-BEARING STEEL , 2019 .

[8]  Jianhua Liu,et al.  Effect of Mn and Al contents on hot ductility of high alloy Fe-xMn-C-yAl austenite TWIP steels , 2017 .

[9]  B. C. Cooman,et al.  The effect of vanadium micro-alloying on the microstructure and the tensile behavior of TWIP steel , 2017 .

[10]  Sumsun Naher,et al.  Hot ductility of high Al TWIP steels containing Nb and Nb-V , 2017 .

[11]  J. Rezende,et al.  Hot ductility behaviour of high manganese steels with varying aluminium contents , 2017 .

[12]  O. A. Zambrano.  Stacking Fault Energy Maps of Fe–Mn–Al–C–Si Steels: Effect of Temperature, Grain Size, and Variations in Compositions , 2016 .

[13]  Mingxing Zhang,et al.  A review of the influence of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of DP, TRIP, and TWIP advanced high-strength steels for auto construction , 2016 .

[14]  J. Cabrera,et al.  Effect of Ti and B microadditions on the hot ductility behavior of a High-Mn austenitic Fe–23Mn–1.5Al–1.3Si–0.5C TWIP steel , 2015 .

[15]  J. Cabrera,et al.  Effect of Nb and Mo on the hot ductility behavior of a high-manganese austenitic Fe–21Mn–1.3Al–1.5Si–0.5C TWIP steel , 2014 .

[16]  J. Cabrera,et al.  Hot ductility behavior of high-Mn austenitic Fe–22Mn–1.5Al–1.5Si–0.45C TWIP steels microalloyed with Ti and V , 2014 .

[17]  Xianjue Chen,et al.  Phosphorus-induced hot ductility enhancement of 1Cr–0.5Mo low alloy steel , 2013 .

[18]  J. Cabrera,et al.  Hot ductility behavior of a low carbon advanced high strength steel (AHSS) microalloyed with boron , 2011 .

[19]  C. Curfs,et al.  Precipitation strengthening in high manganese austenitic TWIP steels , 2011 .

[20]  Jinkyung Kim,et al.  High Mn TWIP Steels for Automotive Applications , 2011 .

[21]  S. Allain,et al.  Precipitation hardening of a FeMnC TWIP steel by vanadium carbides , 2010 .

[22]  Jae Sang Lee,et al.  Effect of Boron Precipitation Behavior on the Hot Ductility of Boron Containing Steel , 2010 .

[23]  Lin Li,et al.  Weldability of low carbon transformation induced plasticity steel , 2008 .

[24]  J. Cabrera,et al.  Hot ductility behavior of boron microalloyed steels , 2007 .

[25]  S. Yue,et al.  The Effect of Boron on Hot Ductility of Nb-microalloyed Steels , 2006 .

[26]  H. Yin.  Inclusion characterization and thermodynamics for high-Al advanced high-strength steels , 2006 .

[27]  B. Mintz,et al.  Influence of P on hot ductility of high C, Al, and Nb containing steels , 2003 .

[28]  BingCao,et al.  Non—equilibrium Segregation of boron on grain boundary in Fe—30% Ni alloy , 2002 .

[29]  L. Zhang,et al.  Dependency of fracture toughness on the inhomogeneity of coarse TiN particle distribution in a low alloy steel , 2001 .

[30]  B. Mintz.  Hot dip galvanising of transformation induced plasticity and other intercritically annealed steels , 2001 .

[31]  B. Mintz,et al.  The Influence of Composition on the Hot Ductility of Steels and to the Problem of Transverse Cracking , 1999 .

[32]  B. Mintz,et al.  Influence of Ti on hot ductility of C–Mn–Al steels , 1999 .

[33]  B. Mintz,et al.  Hot ductility of steels and its relationship to the problem of transverse cracking in continuous casting , 2010 .

[34]  Y. Maehara,et al.  Effects of silicon and nitrogen on hot ductility of low carbon steels , 1991 .

[35]  H. Horiguchi,et al.  A formation mechanism of transverse cracks on CC slab surface. , 1990 .

[36]  Kazunori Sato,et al.  Effects of Deformation Induced Phase Transformation and Twinning on the Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Fe–Mn–Al Alloys , 1989 .

[37]  F. G. Wilson,et al.  Aluminium nitride in steel , 1988 .

[38]  Tooru Inoue,et al.  Formation Mechanism and Prevention Method of Facial Cracks of Continuously Cast Steel Slabs Containing Boron , 1987 .

[39]  Yasushi Nakamura,et al.  Embrittlement of Steels Occurring in the Temperature Range from 1 000 to 600°C , 1984 .

[40]  M. Tanino.  Precipitation behaviours of complex boron compounds in steel , 1983 .

[41]  B. Mintz,et al.  Hot-ductility behaviour of C–Mn–Nb–Al steels and its relationship to crack propagation during the straightening of continuously cast strand , 1979 .