Highly Sensitive Refractive Index Sensor Based on Mode Transition in a Dual Resonance Long Period Grating Inscribed Ridge Waveguide

In this paper we are proposing a novel and highly sensitive refractive index sensor based on cladding mode transition in a high index coated ridge waveguide with long period grating written in its core, operating near the dispersion turning point. We have theoretically examined the phenomena of cladding mode transition in the ridge waveguide and optimized the thickness of the high index layer to obtain high refractive index sensitivity. Considering the optimized thickness and the coupling between the core mode and a suitable cladding mode, it is shown that (a) the refractive index sensitivity more than 100 μm/RIU at bio-sensing refractive index 1.33 and (b) a surface sensitivity as high as 36 nm/nm for a thin bio-layer with aqueous solution as the ambient medium can be obtained near the dispersion turning point. In addition, the refractive index sensitivity is found to vary only by 3 μm/RIU for a ±100 nm variation in the width of the ridge waveguide. The proposed device should be a promising development in the field of optical biosensors.

[1]  Kin Seng Chiang,et al.  Dual resonance in a long-period waveguide grating , 2006 .

[2]  B. M. A. Rahman,et al.  An Innovative Straight Resonator Incorporating a Vertical Slot as an Efficient Bio-Chemical Sensor , 2017, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[3]  Kin Seng Chiang,et al.  Analysis of corrugated long-period gratings in slab waveguides and their polarization dependence , 2003 .

[4]  Q. Ling,et al.  Design of long period fiber grating surrounding refractive index sensor based on mode transition near phase-matching turning point , 2019, Optics Communications.

[5]  Zhaogang Zhang,et al.  Highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor utilizing a long period grating with photosensitive cladding. , 2016, Applied optics.

[6]  Shan Jiang,et al.  Dual resonant peaks of LP/sub 015/ cladding mode in long-period gratings , 1999 .

[7]  R. Kashyap.  Fiber Bragg Gratings , 1999 .

[8]  Stephen W James,et al.  Fabrication of fiber optic long period gratings operating at the phase matching turning point using an ultraviolet laser. , 2014, Applied optics.

[9]  M. Lipson,et al.  Broadband mid-infrared frequency comb generation in a Si3N4 microresonator , 2015, 2015 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO).

[10]  John E. Sipe,et al.  Long-period fiber gratings as band-rejection filters , 1995 .

[11]  Kin Seng Chiang,et al.  Long-period gratings in planar optical waveguides. , 2002, Applied optics.

[12]  Arun Kumar,et al.  Toward 100 Micrometer per Refractive Index Unit Sensitive Sensor Using a Compact Long-Period Grating Inscribed Metal Clad Ridge Waveguide , 2018, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[13]  Dexiu Huang,et al.  Highly sensitive chemical sensor based on the measurement of the separation of dual resonant peaks in a 100-μm-period fiber grating , 1999 .

[14]  A. Vengsarkar,et al.  Optical fiber long-period grating sensors. , 1996, Optics letters.

[15]  Min-Suk Kwon,et al.  Refractive index sensitivity measurement of a long-period waveguide grating , 2005 .

[16]  Ping Miao,et al.  Sensitivity characteristics of long-period fiber gratings , 2005, SPIE/OSA/IEEE Asia Communications and Photonics.

[17]  Yunxiang Li,et al.  Integrated refractive index sensor based on hybrid coupler with short range surface plasmon polariton and dielectric waveguide , 2013 .

[18]  K. Thyagarajan,et al.  Polarization-based refractive index sensor using dual asymmetric long-period gratings in ridge waveguides. , 2013, Applied optics.

[19]  S. B. Lee,et al.  Displacements of the resonant peaks of a long-period fiber grating induced by a change of ambient refractive index. , 1997, Optics letters.

[20]  K. Chiang,et al.  Refractive-index sensor based on long-range surface plasmon mode excitation with long-period waveguide grating. , 2009, Optics express.

[21]  W. A. Reed,et al.  Thermally enhanced ultraviolet photosensitivity in GeO2 and P2O5 doped optical fibers , 1995 .

[22]  I. Del Villar,et al.  Long Period Fiber Grating for Biosensing: An Improved Design Methodology to Enhance Add-Layer Sensitivity , 2018, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[23]  Cosimo Trono,et al.  Long-period fiber grating: a specific design for biosensing applications. , 2017, Applied optics.

[24]  Wojtek J. Bock,et al.  Recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide using bacteriophage-adhesin-coated long-period gratings. , 2015, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[25]  Ignacio Del Villar,et al.  Ultrahigh-sensitivity sensors based on thin-film coated long period gratings with reduced diameter, in transition mode and near the dispersion turning point , 2015 .

[26]  Kin Seng Chiang,et al.  Long-period gratings in polymer ridge waveguides , 2005 .

[27]  P. Bienstman,et al.  Label-Free Biosensing With a Slot-Waveguide-Based Ring Resonator in Silicon on Insulator , 2009, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[28]  Jose Luis Santos,et al.  Enhanced refractive index sensing characteristics of optical fibre long period grating coated with titanium dioxide thin films , 2014 .

[29]  Agostino Iadicicco,et al.  Cladding mode reorganization in high-refractive-index-coated long-period gratings: effects on the refractive-index sensitivity. , 2005, Optics letters.

[30]  Wojtek J. Bock,et al.  Combined Plasma-Based Fiber Etching and Diamond-Like Carbon Nanooverlay Deposition for Enhancing Sensitivity of Long-Period Gratings , 2016, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[31]  Xibin Wang,et al.  UV-Written Long-Period Grating Based on Long-Range Surface Plasmon-Polariton Waveguide , 2016, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[32]  Turan Erdogan,et al.  Cladding-mode resonances in short- and long-period fiber grating filters , 2000 .

[33]  Sankhyabrata Bandyopadhyay,et al.  Sensitivity Enhancement of Turn-Around-Point Long Period Gratings By Tuning Initial Coupling Condition , 2015, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[34]  Krishna Thyagarajan,et al.  Long period fiber grating based temperature-compensated high performance sensor for bio-chemical sensing applications , 2013 .

[35]  Wojtek J. Bock,et al.  A wide-range temperature immune refractive-index sensor using concatenated long-period-fiber-gratings , 2017 .

[36]  Predrag Mikulic,et al.  Towards refractive index sensitivity of long-period gratings at level of tens of µm per refractive index unit: fiber cladding etching and nano-coating deposition. , 2016, Optics express.

[37]  Saurabh Mani Tripathi,et al.  Temperature-insensitive fiber-optic devices using multimode interference effect. , 2012, Optics letters.