Crosstalk in Ti:LiNbO 3 directional coupler switches caused by Ti concentration fluctuations

We have observed random fluctuations in the local Ti concentration profiles of Ti-diffused LiNbO 3 waveguides. Calculations show that these variations explain the degraded switch extinction ratio (i.e., crosstalk) and other nonideal characteristics observed in LiNbO 3 optical switches. We also demonstrate by calculation a new device configuration for eliminating this source of crosstalk.

[1]  Leon McCaughan,et al.  4×4 Ti:LiNbO3 integrated‐optical crossbar switch array , 1985 .

[2]  Herwig Kogelnik,et al.  Electro‐optically switched coupler with stepped Δβ reversal using Ti‐diffused LiNbO3 waveguides , 1976 .

[3]  C. Mohr,et al.  Polarization-Independent Optical Switch with Multiple Sections of Delta Beta Reversal and a Gaussian Taper Function , 1982 .

[4]  R. Alferness,et al.  Optical directional couplers with weighted coupling , 1979 .

[5]  Steven K. Korotky,et al.  Fully connectorized high-speed Ti:LiNbO 3 switch/modulator for time-division multiplexing and data encoding , 1985 .

[6]  W. Burns,et al.  Mode dispersion in diffused channel waveguides by the effective index method. , 1977, Applied optics.

[7]  Leon McCaughan,et al.  Three-electrode Ti:LiNbO 3 optical switch , 1986 .

[8]  Shyh Wang,et al.  Cross‐talk problems in optical directional couplers , 1984 .

[9]  Leon McCaughan.  Low-loss polarization-independent electrooptical switches at λ = 1.3µm , 1984 .

[10]  M. Fujiwara,et al.  Integrated Optical Switch Matrix for Single-Mode Fiber Networks , 1982 .

[11]  Hermann A. Haus,et al.  Elimination of cross talk in optical directional couplers , 1985 .

[12]  M. Minakata,et al.  Precise determination of refractive‐index changes in Ti‐diffused LiNbO3 optical waveguides , 1978 .

[13]  J. E. Watson.  Polarization-independent 1 × 16 optical switch using Ti:LINbO 3 waveguides , 1985 .

[14]  R. Schmidt,et al.  Switched directional couplers with alternating Δ Β , 1976 .

[15]  Steven K. Korotky,et al.  Three-space representation of phase-mismatch switching in coupled two-state optical systems , 1986 .

[16]  R. Schmidt,et al.  Directional coupler switches, modulators, and filters using alternating Δβ techniques (Invited Paper) , 1979 .

[17]  R. Alferness.  Guided-wave devices for optical communication , 1981 .

[18]  Leon McCaughan,et al.  Index distribution of optical waveguides from their mode profile , 1983 .