Epidemiology and transmission of Helicobacter pylori

A number of new cohort studies have confirmed that rates of acquisition of Helicobacter pylori infection in the developed world are higher in early life. The principal route of transmission is unknown, but evidence suggests that H. pylori is not a widespread environmental contaminant. Acquisition outside the home from other children may be significant. The importance of genetic susceptibility to infection is difficult to assess. Finally, the possibility that H. pylori may be linked to extra-gastrointestinal diseases has emerged.