Multicriteria decision analysis in ranking of analytical procedures for aldrin determination in water.

The study presents the possibility of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) application when choosing analytical procedures with low environmental impact. A type of MCDA, Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE), was chosen as versatile tool that meets all the analytical chemists--decision makers requirements. Twenty five analytical procedures for aldrin determination in water samples (as an example) were selected as input alternatives to MCDA analysis. Nine different criteria describing the alternatives were chosen from different groups--metrological, economical and the most importantly--environmental impact. The weights for each criterion were obtained from questionnaires that were sent to experts, giving three different scenarios for MCDA results. The results of analysis show that PROMETHEE is very promising tool to choose the analytical procedure with respect to its greenness. The rankings for all three scenarios placed solid phase microextraction and liquid phase microextraction--based procedures high, while liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction and stir bar sorptive extraction--based procedures were placed low in the ranking. The results show that although some of the experts do not intentionally choose green analytical chemistry procedures, their MCDA choice is in accordance with green chemistry principles. The PROMETHEE ranking results were compared with more widely accepted green analytical chemistry tools--NEMI and Eco-Scale. As PROMETHEE involved more different factors than NEMI, the assessment results were only weakly correlated. Oppositely, the results of Eco-Scale assessment were well-correlated as both methodologies involved similar criteria of assessment.

[1]  Solomon Tesfamariam,et al.  Selection of remedial alternatives for mine sites: a multicriteria decision analysis approach. , 2013, Journal of environmental management.

[2]  M. Kaljurand,et al.  Application of the principles of green chemistry in analytical chemistry , 2006 .

[3]  M. Fishman,et al.  Methods for determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments , 1989 .

[4]  Damià Barceló,et al.  Green analytical chemistry in the determination of organic pollutants in the aquatic environment , 2010 .

[5]  C. Cren-olivé,et al.  Multi-residue analysis and ultra-trace quantification of 36 priority substances from the European Water Framework Directive by GC-MS and LC-FLD-MS/MS in surface waters. , 2009, Talanta.

[6]  F. Borrull,et al.  Application of on-line solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to the determination of endocrine disruptors in water samples. , 2002, Journal of chromatography. A.

[7]  M. C. Olson,et al.  Methods for the determination of organic substances in water and fluvial sediments, USGS TWRI, Book 5, Laboratory analysis, Chapter A3 , 1982 .

[8]  M. Tobiszewski,et al.  Direct chromatographic methods in the context of green analytical chemistry , 2012 .

[9]  Shang-da Huang,et al.  Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with little solvent consumption combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the pretreatment of organochlorine pesticides in aqueous samples. , 2009, Journal of chromatography. A.

[10]  F. Borrull,et al.  Determination of endocrine-disrupting compounds in water samples by on-line solid-phase extraction-programmed-temperature vaporisation-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[11]  M. S. García-Cascales,et al.  Decision support in disinfection technologies for treated wastewater reuse , 2009 .

[12]  C. Gonçalves,et al.  Multiresidue method for the simultaneous determination of four groups of pesticides in ground and drinking waters, using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography with electron-capture and thermionic specific detection. , 2002, Journal of Chromatography A.

[13]  J. Bayona,et al.  Part-per-trillion determination of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and related organic contaminants in river water by solid-phase extraction followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[14]  S. Daishima,et al.  Determination of organochlorine pesticides in river water by gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical-ionization mass spectrometry using large volume injection , 2001 .

[15]  Miguel de la Guardia,et al.  Direct determination of minerals in human diets by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence , 2014 .

[16]  Matthias Ehrgott,et al.  Multiple criteria decision analysis: state of the art surveys , 2005 .

[17]  M. R. Driss,et al.  Simultaneous analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in water by headspace solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[18]  G. Fernández-Martínez,et al.  A study of large-volume on-column injection GC-ECD for the ultratrace analysis of organochlorine pesticides in water. , 2009, Talanta.

[19]  Marco Cinelli,et al.  Analysis of the potentials of multi criteria decision analysis methods to conduct sustainability assessment , 2014 .

[20]  Stefan Tsakovski,et al.  Application of multivariate statistics in assessment of green analytical chemistry parameters of analytical methodologies , 2013 .

[21]  A. Fernández-Alba,et al.  Automatic searching and evaluation of priority and emerging contaminants in wastewater and river water by stir bar sorptive extraction followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. , 2011, Analytical chemistry.

[22]  Marek Tobiszewski,et al.  Green analytical chemistry--theory and practice. , 2010, Chemical Society reviews.

[23]  M. de la Guardia,et al.  Green Analytical Chemistry , 2008 .

[24]  L. H. Keith,et al.  Green analytical methodologies. , 2007, Chemical reviews.

[25]  R. Romero-González,et al.  Comparison of solid phase microextraction and hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction for the determination of pesticides in aqueous samples by gas chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry , 2011, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[26]  M. Scoullos,et al.  Determination of a variety of chemical classes of pesticides in surface and ground waters by off-line solid-phase extraction, gas chromatography with electron-capture and nitrogen-phosphorus detection, and high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization and fluorescence detect , 1998, Journal of chromatography. A.

[27]  B. Hauser,et al.  Membrane-assisted solvent extraction of triazines, organochlorine, and organophosphorus compounds in complex samples combined with large-volume injection-gas chromatography/mass spectrometric detection. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[28]  Igor Linkov,et al.  Multi-criteria decision analysis in environmental sciences: ten years of applications and trends. , 2011, The Science of the total environment.

[29]  A. Fushimi,et al.  Stir bar sorptive extraction and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry for ultra-trace analysis of organochlorine pesticides in river water. , 2011, Journal of chromatography. A.

[30]  S. Muniategui-Lorenzo,et al.  Optimisation and validation of a solid-phase microextraction method for simultaneous determination of different types of pesticides in water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[31]  Łukasz Marcinkowski,et al.  Green aspects, developments and perspectives of liquid phase microextraction techniques. , 2014, Talanta.

[32]  Jacek Namieśnik,et al.  Analytical eco-scale for assessing the greenness of analytical procedures , 2012 .

[33]  Stefan Tsakovski,et al.  Multivariate statistical comparison of analytical procedures for benzene and phenol determination with respect to their environmental impact. , 2014, Talanta.

[34]  Reza Baradaran Kazemzadeh,et al.  PROMETHEE: A comprehensive literature review on methodologies and applications , 2010, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[35]  L. Vidal,et al.  Determination of organochlorine pesticides in water samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. , 2009, Analytica chimica acta.

[36]  R. Fussell,et al.  Semiautomated determination of pesticides in water using solid phase extraction disks and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. , 2006, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.

[37]  M. Kaljurand,et al.  Recent Advancements on Greening Analytical Separation , 2011 .

[38]  J. Namieśnik,et al.  Recent developments and future trends in solid phase microextraction techniques towards green analytical chemistry. , 2013, Journal of chromatography. A.

[39]  B. Vrana,et al.  Development of a screening method for the analysis of organic pollutants in water using dual stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. , 2011, Talanta.

[40]  Nikolaos Voulvoulis,et al.  A multicriteria-based methodology for site prioritisation in sediment management. , 2009, Environment international.

[41]  M. de la Guardia,et al.  Handbook of green analytical chemistry , 2012 .

[42]  Shang-da Huang,et al.  Dynamic headspace time-extended helix liquid-phase microextraction. , 2009, Journal of chromatography. A.

[43]  P. Vincke,et al.  Note-A Preference Ranking Organisation Method: The PROMETHEE Method for Multiple Criteria Decision-Making , 1985 .

[44]  Y. Yamini,et al.  Development of liquid phase microextraction method based on solidification of floated organic drop for extraction and preconcentration of organochlorine pesticides in water samples. , 2008, Analytica chimica acta.

[45]  Tadeusz Górecki,et al.  Current trends in green liquid chromatography for the analysis of pharmaceutically active compounds in the environmental water compartments. , 2015, Talanta.