Envisat MIPAS measurements of CFC-11: retrieval, validation, and climatology

From July 2002 to March 2004 the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) aboard the European Space Agency's Environmental Satel- lite (Envisat) measured nearly continuously mid infrared limb radiance spectra. These measurements are utilised to re- trieve the global distribution of the chlorofluorocarbon CFC- 11 by applying a new fast forward model for Envisat MIPAS and an accompanying optimal estimation retrieval processor. A detailed analysis shows that the total retrieval errors of the individual CFC-11 volume mixing ratios are typically below 10% in the altitude range 10 to 25 km and that the system- atic components dominate. Contribution of a priori informa- tion to the retrieval results are less than 5 to 10% and the vertical resolution of the observations is about 3 to 4 km in the same vertical range. The data are successfully validated by comparison with several other space experiments, an air- borne in-situ instrument, measurements from ground-based networks, and independent Envisat MIPAS analyses. The re- trieval results from 425 000 Envisat MIPAS limb scans are compiled to provide a new climatological data set of CFC- 11. The climatology shows significantly lower CFC-11 abun- dances in the lower stratosphere compared with the Refer- ence Atmospheres for MIPAS (RAMstan V3.1) climatology. Depending on the atmospheric conditions the differences be- tween the climatologies are up to 30 to 110 ppt (45 to 150%) at 19 to 27 km altitude. Additionally, time series of CFC- 11 mean abundance and variability for five latitudinal bands are presented. The observed CFC-11 distributions can be explained by the residual mean circulation and large-scale eddy-transports in the upper troposphere and lower strato- sphere. The new CFC-11 data set is well suited for further scientific studies.

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