Perceptual evaluation of single image dehazing algorithms

Images captured in outdoor scenes often suffer from poor visibility and color shift due to the presence of haze. Although many algorithms have been proposed to remove the haze, not much effort has been made on quality assessment of dehazed images. In this paper, we first build a database that contains 25 hazy images as well as dehazed images created by eight dehazing algorithms. A subjective user study is then carried out based on the database, from which we have several useful findings. First, considerable agreement between human subjects on the perceived quality of hazy and dehazed images is observed. Second, not a single dehazing algorithm performs the best for all test images. Third, existing objective image quality assessment (IQA) models are very limited in providing proper quality predictions of dehazed images.

[1]  Kai Zeng,et al.  Perceptual evaluation of multi-exposure image fusion algorithms , 2014, 2014 Sixth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX).

[2]  P. Chavez An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data , 1988 .

[3]  Shree K. Nayar,et al.  Instant dehazing of images using polarization , 2001, Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2001.

[4]  Yonghong Tian,et al.  Quality Assessment for Comparing Image Enhancement Algorithms , 2014, 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[5]  Dani Lischinski,et al.  A Closed-Form Solution to Natural Image Matting , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[6]  Mohinder Malhotra Single Image Haze Removal Using Dark Channel Prior , 2016 .

[7]  Douglas C. Montgomery,et al.  Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers, Third edition , 1994 .

[8]  Ketan Tang,et al.  Investigating Haze-Relevant Features in a Learning Framework for Image Dehazing , 2014, 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[9]  Tieyong Zeng,et al.  Single Image Dehazing and Denoising: A Fast Variational Approach , 2014, SIAM J. Imaging Sci..

[10]  Leo Breiman,et al.  Random Forests , 2001, Machine Learning.

[11]  Chang-Su Kim,et al.  Optimized contrast enhancement for real-time image and video dehazing , 2013, J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent..

[12]  Raanan Fattal,et al.  Dehazing Using Color-Lines , 2014, ACM Trans. Graph..

[13]  Jian Sun,et al.  Guided Image Filtering , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[14]  Robby T. Tan,et al.  Visibility in bad weather from a single image , 2008, 2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[15]  Shree K. Nayar,et al.  Chromatic framework for vision in bad weather , 2000, Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2000 (Cat. No.PR00662).

[16]  Markus A. Stricker,et al.  Similarity of color images , 1995, Electronic Imaging.

[17]  King Ngi Ngan,et al.  No reference image quality metric via distortion identification and multi-channel label transfer , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS).

[18]  Douglas C. Runger Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers, Third edition , 2003 .

[19]  Chunxia Xiao,et al.  Fast image dehazing using guided joint bilateral filter , 2012, The Visual Computer.

[20]  Christophe Charrier,et al.  Blind Image Quality Assessment: A Natural Scene Statistics Approach in the DCT Domain , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[21]  Michael Werman,et al.  Color lines: image specific color representation , 2004, Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2004. CVPR 2004..

[22]  Alan C. Bovik,et al.  Making a “Completely Blind” Image Quality Analyzer , 2013, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[23]  Roberto Manduchi,et al.  Bilateral filtering for gray and color images , 1998, Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision (IEEE Cat. No.98CH36271).

[24]  Alan C. Bovik,et al.  A Two-Step Framework for Constructing Blind Image Quality Indices , 2010, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[25]  Yoav Y. Schechner,et al.  Blind Haze Separation , 2006, 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'06).

[26]  Raanan Fattal,et al.  Single image dehazing , 2008, ACM Trans. Graph..

[27]  Dani Lischinski,et al.  Joint bilateral upsampling , 2007, ACM Trans. Graph..

[28]  S. Nayar,et al.  Interactive ( De ) Weathering of an Image using Physical Models ∗ , 2003 .

[29]  Peyman Milanfar,et al.  Kernel Regression for Image Processing and Reconstruction , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[30]  Ric,et al.  BLIND CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT ASSESSMENT BY GRADIENT RATIOING AT VISIBLE EDGES , 2008 .

[31]  Narendra Ahuja,et al.  Real-time O(1) bilateral filtering , 2009, 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[32]  Antonio Torralba,et al.  Modeling the Shape of the Scene: A Holistic Representation of the Spatial Envelope , 2001, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[33]  Dani Lischinski,et al.  Deep photo: model-based photograph enhancement and viewing , 2008, SIGGRAPH Asia '08.

[34]  Gaofeng Meng,et al.  Efficient Image Dehazing with Boundary Constraint and Contextual Regularization , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[35]  Jean-Philippe Tarel,et al.  Fast visibility restoration from a single color or gray level image , 2009, 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision.

[36]  Jean-Philippe Tarel,et al.  BLIND CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT ASSESSMENT BY GRADIENT RATIOING AT VISIBLE EDGES , 2011 .

[37]  Zhou Wang,et al.  No-Reference Quality Assessment of Contrast-Distorted Images Based on Natural Scene Statistics , 2015, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[38]  Alan C. Bovik,et al.  No-Reference Image Quality Assessment in the Spatial Domain , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[39]  Peyman Milanfar,et al.  Removal of haze and noise from a single image , 2012, Electronic Imaging.

[40]  Shree K. Nayar,et al.  Vision in bad weather , 1999, Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[41]  Sugato Chakravarty,et al.  Methodology for the subjective assessment of the quality of television pictures , 1995 .