An Ecological Alternative to Snodgrass & Vanderwart: 360 High Quality Colour Images with Norms for Seven Psycholinguistic Variables

This work presents a new set of 360 high quality colour images belonging to 23 semantic subcategories. Two hundred and thirty-six Spanish speakers named the items and also provided data from seven relevant psycholinguistic variables: age of acquisition, familiarity, manipulability, name agreement, typicality and visual complexity. Furthermore, we also present lexical frequency data derived from Internet search hits. Apart from the high number of variables evaluated, knowing that it affects the processing of stimuli, this new set presents important advantages over other similar image corpi: (a) this corpus presents a broad number of subcategories and images; for example, this will permit researchers to select stimuli of appropriate difficulty as required, (e.g., to deal with problems derived from ceiling effects); (b) the fact of using coloured stimuli provides a more realistic, ecologically-valid, representation of real life objects. In sum, this set of stimuli provides a useful tool for research on visual object-and word- processing, both in neurological patients and in healthy controls.

[1]  Manila Vannucci,et al.  A New Standardized Set of Ecological Pictures for Experimental and Clinical Research on Visual Object Processing , 2004, Cortex.

[2]  Jon Andoni Duñabeitia,et al.  A standardized set of 260 pictures for Modern Greek: Norms for name agreement, age of acquisition, and visual complexity , 2009, Behavior research methods.

[3]  Tim M. Gale,et al.  When is Category Specific in Alzheimer's Disease? , 2005, Cortex.

[4]  Fernando Cuetos,et al.  Objective age of acquisition norms for a set of 328 words in Spanish , 2007, Behavior research methods.

[5]  Moreno-Martínez Fj,et al.  Enfermedad de Alzheimer, deterioro categorial y variables relevantes en la denominación de objetos , 2007 .

[6]  Charles Kemp,et al.  How to Grow a Mind: Statistics, Structure, and Abstraction , 2011, Science.

[7]  Alfonso Caramazza,et al.  The Selective Sparing of Body Part Knowledge: A Case Study , 1998 .

[8]  J. Tenenbaum,et al.  Probabilistic models of cognition: exploring representations and inductive biases , 2010, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[9]  Eero P. Simoncelli,et al.  Cardinal rules: Visual orientation perception reflects knowledge of environmental statistics , 2011, Nature Neuroscience.

[10]  F. Moreno-Martínez Size matters: A study on naming and size knowledge in dementia of the Alzheimer type , 2010, Neurocase.

[11]  M. Brodeur,et al.  The Bank of Standardized Stimuli (BOSS), a New Set of 480 Normative Photos of Objects to Be Used as Visual Stimuli in Cognitive Research , 2010, PloS one.

[12]  Elaine Funnell,et al.  Categories of knowledge? unfamiliar aspects of living and nonliving things , 1992 .

[13]  Lorella Lotto,et al.  Naming times and standardized norms for the italian PD/DPSS set of 266 pictures: Direct comparisons with American, English, French, and Spanish published databases , 2000, Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.

[14]  Bradford Z. Mahon,et al.  The organization of conceptual knowledge: the evidence from category-specific semantic deficits , 2003, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[15]  M. Silveri,et al.  Naming in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease: Influence of Age of Acquisition and Categorical Effects , 2002, Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology.

[16]  H. Chertkow,et al.  The semantic category effect increases with worsening anomia in Alzheimer’s type dementia , 2003, Brain and Language.

[17]  A. Caramazza,et al.  Domain-Specific Knowledge Systems in the Brain: The Animate-Inanimate Distinction , 1998, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[18]  George S. Cree,et al.  Factors underlying category-specific semantic deficits , 2001 .

[19]  L. Buxbaum,et al.  Knowledge of object manipulation and object function: dissociations in apraxic and nonapraxic subjects , 2002, Brain and Language.

[20]  Angel Fernandez,et al.  A set of 254 Snodgrass-Vanderwart pictures standardized for Spanish: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity , 1996 .

[21]  J. Hodges,et al.  The Cambridge Semantic Memory Test Battery: Detection of semantic deficits in semantic dementia and Alzheimer's disease , 2010, Neurocase.

[22]  D. Salmon,et al.  Semantic memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease: Failure of access or degraded knowledge? , 1992, Neuropsychologia.

[23]  Keith R. Laws,et al.  “Illusions of Normality”: a Methodological Critique of Category-Specific Naming , 2005, Cortex.

[24]  G. Humphreys,et al.  Category specificity in mind and brain? , 2001, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[25]  Eero P. Simoncelli,et al.  Metamers of the ventral stream , 2011, Nature Neuroscience.

[26]  E. Rosch,et al.  Structural bases of typicality effects. , 1976 .

[27]  D. Westwood,et al.  Manipulability and living/non-living category effects on object identification , 2005, Brain and Cognition.

[28]  Randall J. Frank,et al.  Explaining category-related effects in the retrieval of conceptual and lexical knowledge for concrete entities: operationalization and analysis of factors , 1997, Neuropsychologia.

[29]  P. R. Montoro,et al.  Longitudinal patterns of fluency impairment in dementia: The role of domain and “nuisance variables” , 2010 .

[30]  T. Shallice,et al.  Category specific semantic impairments. , 1998, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[31]  P. Fletcher,et al.  DO SEMANTIC CATEGORIES ACTIVATE DISTINCT CORTICAL REGIONS? EVIDENCE FOR A DISTRIBUTED NEURAL SEMANTIC SYSTEM , 2003, Cognitive neuropsychology.

[32]  H. Kucera,et al.  Computational analysis of present-day American English , 1967 .

[33]  J. G. Snodgrass,et al.  A standardized set of 260 pictures: norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. , 1980, Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory.

[34]  Antonio Torralba,et al.  How many pixels make an image? , 2009, Visual Neuroscience.

[35]  J. Tanaka,et al.  Color diagnosticity in object recognition , 1999, Perception & psychophysics.

[36]  E. Warrington,et al.  Categories of knowledge. Further fractionations and an attempted integration. , 1987, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[37]  Erminio Capitani,et al.  Living musical instruments and inanimate body parts? , 2001, Neuropsychologia.

[38]  K. Laws,et al.  A set of high quality colour images with Spanish norms for seven relevant psycholinguistic variables: The Nombela naming test , 2011, Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition.

[39]  T. Gale,et al.  Visual processing in Alzheimer's disease: Surface detail and colour fail to aid object identification , 2009, Neuropsychologia.

[40]  Herminia Peraita Adrados,et al.  Un nuevo conjunto de ítems para la evaluación de la disociación ser vivo / ser no vivo con normas obtenidas de ancianos sanos españoles , 2007 .

[41]  C. Thompson,et al.  Effect of typicality on online category verification of animate category exemplars in aphasia , 2003, Brain and Language.

[42]  A. Caramazza,et al.  WHAT ARE THE FACTS OF SEMANTIC CATEGORY-SPECIFIC DEFICITS? A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE CLINICAL EVIDENCE , 2003, Cognitive neuropsychology.

[43]  M. Laiacona,et al.  Dissociazioni semantiche intercategoriali: descrizione di una batteria standardizzata e dati normativi , 1993 .

[44]  B. Rossion,et al.  Revisiting Snodgrass and Vanderwart's Object Pictorial Set: The Role of Surface Detail in Basic-Level Object Recognition , 2004, Perception.

[45]  E. Warrington,et al.  THE SELECTIVE IMPAIRMENT OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE KNOWLEDGE:AMULTIPLE PROCESSING CHANNELS ACCOUNT OF FINE-GRAIN CATEGORY SPECIFICITY , 2003, Cognitive neuropsychology.

[46]  M. A. Pérez,et al.  Normas españolas de 290 nuevos dibujos:acuerdo en la denominación, concordancia de la imagen, familiaridad, complejidad visual y variabilidad de la imagen , 2003 .

[47]  S. Schwartz Are life episodes replayed during dreaming? , 2003, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[48]  Catriona M. Morrison,et al.  Real age-of-acquisition effects in lexical retrieval. , 1998, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[49]  Dana Samson,et al.  A CASE OF IMPAIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLES , 2003, Cognitive neuropsychology.

[50]  Kenneth Gilhooly,et al.  Age-of-acquisition effects in lexical and episodic memory tasks , 1979 .

[51]  Bradford Z. Mahon,et al.  CONSTRAINING QUESTIONS ABOUT THE ORGANISATION AND REPRESENTATION OF CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE , 2003, Cognitive neuropsychology.

[52]  A Wingfield,et al.  Response Latencies in Naming Objects , 1965, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology.

[53]  A. Ellis,et al.  Age of Acquisition Affects Object Recognition and Naming in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease , 2006, Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology.

[54]  E. Rosch,et al.  Family resemblances: Studies in the internal structure of categories , 1975, Cognitive Psychology.

[55]  Irene V Blair,et al.  Using Internet search engines to estimate word frequency , 2002, Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.

[56]  K. Laws,et al.  No category specificity in Alzheimer's disease: a normal aging effect. , 2008, Neuropsychology.

[57]  K. Laws,et al.  An attenuation of the ‘normal’ category effect in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: A review and bootstrap analysis , 2007, Brain and Cognition.

[58]  M Besson,et al.  The Snodgrass and Vanderwart Set Revisited: Norms for Object Manipulability and for Pictorial Ambiguity of Objects, Chimeric Objects, and Nonobjects , 2003, Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology.

[59]  D. John Done and Tim M. Gale,et al.  Attribute Verification in Dementia of Alzheimer Type: Evidence for the Preservation of Distributed Concept Knowledge , 1997 .

[60]  G W Humphreys,et al.  The Effects of Surface Detail on Object Categorization and Naming , 1989, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology.

[61]  M. D’Esposito,et al.  Semantic memory in Alzheimer's disease: representativeness, ontologic category, and material. , 1998, Neuropsychology.

[62]  T. Gale,et al.  The Hatfield Image Test (HIT): A new picture test and norms for experimental and clinical use , 2009, Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology.

[63]  L K Tyler,et al.  Category-specific semantic deficits: the role of familiarity and property type reexamined. , 1998, Neuropsychology.