Hybrid Intelligent Control Method to Improve the Frequency Support Capability of Wind Energy Conversion Systems

This paper presents a hybrid intelligent control method that enables frequency support control for permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) wind turbines. The proposed method for a wind energy conversion system (WECS) is designed to have PMSG modeling and full-scale back-to-back insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) converters comprising the machine and grid side. The controller of the machine side converter (MSC) and the grid side converter (GSC) are designed to achieve maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based on an improved hill climb searching (IHCS) control algorithm and de-loaded (DL) operation to obtain a power margin. Along with this comprehensive control of maximum power tracking mode based on the IHCS, a method for kinetic energy (KE) discharge control of the supporting primary frequency control scheme with DL operation is developed to regulate the short-term frequency response and maintain reliable operation of the power system. The effectiveness of the hybrid intelligent control method is verified by a numerical simulation in PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can improve the frequency regulation capability in the power system.

[1]  Djamila Rekioua,et al.  Maximum Power Point Tracking Based Hybrid Hill-climb Search Method Applied to Wind Energy Conversion System , 2015 .

[2]  Faizal Hafiz,et al.  Optimal use of kinetic energy for the inertial support from variable speed wind turbines , 2015 .

[3]  M. O'Malley,et al.  The inertial response of induction-machine-based wind turbines , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[4]  Gabriel Garcera,et al.  Maximum-power-point tracking with reduced mechanical stress applied to wind-energy-conversion-systems , 2010 .

[5]  V. T. Ranganathan,et al.  A Method of Tracking the Peak Power Points for a Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion System , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[6]  S.M. Muyeen,et al.  A Variable Speed Wind Turbine Control Strategy to Meet Wind Farm Grid Code Requirements , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[7]  Ranjit Roy,et al.  A comprehensive review on the grid integration of doubly fed induction generator , 2013 .

[8]  J.A.P. Lopes,et al.  Optimum generation control in wind parks when carrying out system operator requests , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[9]  M. Kayikci,et al.  Dynamic Contribution of DFIG-Based Wind Plants to System Frequency Disturbances , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[10]  Luis M. Fernández,et al.  Operating capability as a PQ/PV node of a direct-drive wind turbine based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator , 2010 .

[11]  Wei-Ting Lin,et al.  Enhancing Frequency Response Control by DFIGs in the High Wind Penetrated Power Systems , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[12]  S. Heier.  Wind Energy Power Plants , 2014 .

[13]  Mehrdad Kazerani,et al.  Maximum power tracking control for a wind turbine system including a matrix converter , 2009, 2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting.

[14]  M. Chinchilla,et al.  Control of permanent-magnet generators applied to variable-speed wind-energy systems connected to the grid , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[15]  M. Sanada,et al.  Sensorless output maximization control for variable-speed wind generation system using IPMSG , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[16]  R. Watson,et al.  Frequency Response Capability of Full Converter Wind Turbine Generators in Comparison to Conventional Generation , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[17]  H. Banakar,et al.  Kinetic Energy of Wind-Turbine Generators for System Frequency Support , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[18]  Ling Xu,et al.  Conventional and novel control designs for direct driven PMSG wind turbines , 2010 .

[19]  Whei-Min Lin,et al.  Fuzzy neural network output maximization control for sensorless wind energy conversion system , 2010 .

[20]  Janne Nerg,et al.  Determining electrical efficiency of permanent magnet synchronous machines with different control methods , 2012 .

[21]  J.A. Ferreira,et al.  Wind turbines emulating inertia and supporting primary frequency control , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[22]  Shao Zhang,et al.  Design of a Robust Grid Interface System for PMSG-Based Wind Turbine Generators , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[23]  Nicholas Jenkins,et al.  Frequency support from doubly fed induction generator wind turbines , 2007 .

[24]  J.A.P. Lopes,et al.  Participation of Doubly Fed Induction Wind Generators in System Frequency Regulation , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[25]  Ali H. Kasem Alaboudy,et al.  Converter controls and flicker study of PMSG-based grid connected wind turbines , 2013 .

[26]  Jih-Sheng Lai,et al.  Design and Analysis of an MPPT Technique for Small-Scale Wind Energy Conversion Systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[27]  Soheil Ganjefar,et al.  A novel-strategy controller design for maximum power extraction in stand-alone windmill systems , 2014 .