Noether resolutions in dimension 2

Let <i>R</i> := <i>K</i>[<i>x</i><sub>1</sub>,...,<i>x<sub>n</sub></i>] be a polynomial ring over an infinite field <i>K</i>, and let <i>I</i> ⊂ <i>R</i> be a homogeneous ideal with respect to a weight vector ω = (ω<sub>1</sub>, ..., ω<sub><i>n</i></sub>) ∈ (Z<sup>+</sup>)<sup><i>n</i></sup> such that dim(<i>R/I</i>) = <i>d.</i> We consider the minimal graded free resolution of <i>R/I</i> as <i>A</i>-module, that we call the Noether resolution of <i>R/I</i>, whenever <i>A</i> := <i>K</i>[<i>x</i><sub><i>n-d</i>+1</sub>,...,<i>x<sub>n</sub></i>] is a Noether normalization of <i>R/I.</i> When <i>d</i> = 2 and <i>I</i> is saturated, we give an algorithm for obtaining this resolution that involves the computation of a minimal Gröbner basis of <i>I</i> with respect to the weighted degree reverse lexicographic order. In the particular case when <i>R/I</i> is a 2-dimensional semigroup ring, we also describe the multigraded version of this resolution in terms of the underlying semigroup. Whenever we have the Noether resolution of <i>R/I</i> or its multigraded version, we obtain formulas for the corresponding Hilbert series of <i>R/I</i>, and when <i>I</i> is homogeneous, we obtain a formula for the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of <i>R/I.</i> As an application of the results for 2-dimensional semigroup rings, we provide a new upper bound for the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of the coordinate ring of a projective monomial curve. Finally, we describe the multigraded Noether resolution of either the coordinate ring of a projective monomial curve [EQUATION] associated to an arithmetic sequence or of any of its canonical projections [EQUATION].