Higher-order pupil aberrations in wide-angle and panoramic optical systems

In optical systems with modest fields of view, pupil spherical aberration and pupil coma are the principal pupil aberrations of significance, but at extreme fields of view, astigmatic effects and field curvature and distortion effects of the pupil imagery play a part in understanding the subtleties of oblique object-image imagery. Biogon and fisheye wide angle lens systems have been investigated for their pupil aberration properties, along with the investigation of similar effects in a panoramic optical system.