Myelographic Techniques for the Detection of Spinal CSF Leaks in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.

OBJECTIVE Spinal leakage of CSF causes almost all cases of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Leak detection and localization are important for both diagnosis and treatment. The myelographic appearance of the leaks may vary, however, depending on the cause of the leak, rate of leakage, and imaging modality used. CONCLUSION The purpose of this article is to review the imaging of spinal CSF leaks and to assist in the selection of appropriate imaging modalities in this condition.

[1]  T. Amrhein,et al.  CSF Venous Fistulas in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Imaging Characteristics on Dynamic and CT Myelography. , 2017, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[2]  T. Amrhein,et al.  Time-Dependent Changes in Dural Enhancement Associated With Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension. , 2016, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[3]  Jonathan M. Morris,et al.  Ultrafast dynamic computed tomography myelography for the precise identification of high-flow cerebrospinal fluid leaks caused by spiculated spinal osteophytes. , 2015, Journal of neurosurgery. Spine.

[4]  W. Dillon,et al.  MR Myelography for Identification of Spinal CSF Leak in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension , 2014, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[5]  W. Schievink,et al.  Headache Secondary to Intracranial Hypotension , 2014, Current Pain and Headache Reports.

[6]  M. Taniguchi,et al.  Leakage detection on CT myelography for targeted epidural blood patch in spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks: calcified or ossified spinal lesions ventral to the thecal sac. , 2014, Journal of neurosurgery. Spine.

[7]  B. Mokri.  Radioisotope Cisternography in Spontaneous CSF Leaks: Interpretations and Misinterpretations , 2014, Headache.

[8]  H. Urbach,et al.  Intracranial hypotension: clinical presentation, imaging findings, and imaging-guided therapy. , 2014, Current opinion in neurology.

[9]  W. Schievink,et al.  CSF–venous fistula in spontaneous intracranial hypotension , 2014, Neurology.

[10]  D. Parissis,et al.  Intrathecal gadolinium for magnetic resonance myelography in spontaneous intracranial hypotension: valuable but may be risky. , 2014, JAMA neurology.

[11]  J. Raymackers,et al.  Discrepant time course of cranial and spinal subdural collections in a case of SIH treated by EBP , 2001, European Radiology.

[12]  M. Wintermark,et al.  Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction reduces patient radiation dose in neuroradiology CT studies , 2014, Neuroradiology.

[13]  D. Dodick,et al.  Sensitivity of MRI of the spine compared with CT myelography in orthostatic headache with CSF leak , 2013, Neurology.

[14]  B. Mokri.  Spontaneous Low Pressure, Low CSF Volume Headaches: Spontaneous CSF Leaks , 2013, Headache.

[15]  R. Ohrbach,et al.  The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version) , 2013, Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache.

[16]  Judah Burns,et al.  Comparison of CT and fluoroscopic guidance for lumbar puncture in an obese population with prior failed unguided attempt , 2013, Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery.

[17]  S. Stinnett,et al.  Spinal Meningeal Diverticula in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Analysis of Prevalence and Myelographic Appearance , 2013, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[18]  D. Dodick,et al.  The role of digital subtraction myelography in the diagnosis and localization of spontaneous spinal CSF leaks. , 2012, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[19]  Navjot Chaudhary,et al.  Supine digital subtraction myelography for the demonstration of a dorsal cerebrospinal fluid leak in a patient with spontaneous intracranial hypotension: a technical note. , 2012, Journal of radiology case reports.

[20]  H. Bäzner,et al.  Detection and treatment of spinal CSF leaks in idiopathic intracranial hypotension , 2012, Neuroradiology.

[21]  R. Carter,et al.  When Should I Do Dynamic CT Myelography? Predicting Fast Spinal CSF Leaks in Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension , 2012, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[22]  P. Luetmer,et al.  The Role of MR Myelography with Intrathecal Gadolinium in Localization of Spinal CSF Leaks in Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension , 2012, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[23]  C. Zimmer,et al.  CT Myelography for the Planning and Guidance of Targeted Epidural Blood Patches in Patients with Persistent Spinal CSF Leakage , 2012, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[24]  R. V. van Lingen,et al.  Paracetamol serum concentrations in preterm infants treated with paracetamol intravenously: a case series , 2012, Journal of Medical Case Reports.

[25]  W. Dillon,et al.  Idiopathic Thoracic Spinal Cord Herniation: Retrospective Analysis Supporting a Mechanism of Diskogenic Dural Injury and Subsequent Tamponade , 2012, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[26]  S. Silberstein,et al.  Diagnostic Criteria for Headache Due to Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: A Perspective , 2011, Headache.

[27]  L. Gray,et al.  CT-Guided Epidural Blood Patching of Directly Observed or Potential Leak Sites for the Targeted Treatment of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension , 2011, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[28]  D. Kong,et al.  Spontaneous intracranial hypotension , 2011, Neurology.

[29]  R. Bhatia,et al.  Spinal imaging findings in spontaneous intracranial hypotension. , 2010, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[30]  Sun-Chul Hwang,et al.  Neurotoxic Manifestations of an Overdose Intrathecal Injection of Gadopentetate Dimeglumine , 2010, Journal of Korean medical science.

[31]  J. Lirng,et al.  Heavily T2-weighted MR myelography vs CT myelography in spontaneous intracranial hypotension , 2009, Neurology.

[32]  J. Hoxworth,et al.  Localization of a Rapid CSF Leak with Digital Subtraction Myelography , 2009, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[33]  B. Mokri.  Expert Commentary: Role of Surgery for the Management of CSF Leaks , 2008, Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache.

[34]  J. Zhao,et al.  Overdosage of intrathecal gadolinium and neurological response. , 2008, Clinical radiology.

[35]  J. S. Kim,et al.  Detection of CSF Leak in Spinal CSF Leak Syndrome Using MR Myelography: Correlation with Radioisotope Cisternography , 2008, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[36]  Y. Korogi,et al.  Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage in Intracranial Hypotension Syndrome: Usefulness of Indirect Findings in Radionuclide Cisternography for Detection and Treatment Monitoring , 2008, Clinical nuclear medicine.

[37]  Y. Korogi,et al.  Detection of cerebrospinal fluid leakage: initial experience with three-dimensional fast spin-echo magnetic resonance myelography , 2008, Acta radiologica.

[38]  N. Kocer,et al.  Gadolinium-Enhanced MR Cisternography to Evaluate Dural Leaks in Intracranial Hypotension Syndrome , 2008, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[39]  B. Mokri.  Familial Occurrence of Spontaneous Spinal CSF Leaks: Underlying Connective Tissue Disorder (CME) , 2007, Headache.

[40]  W. Bradley.  Intrathecal Gadolinium: Its Time Has Come? , 2008 .

[41]  D. Mikulis,et al.  The Venous Distension Sign: A Diagnostic Sign of Intracranial Hypotension at MR Imaging of the Brain , 2007, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

[42]  J. Lirng,et al.  Heavily T2-Weighted MR Myelography in Patients With Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: A Case—Control Study , 2007, Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache.

[43]  S. Arlt,et al.  Gadolinium encephalopathy due to accidental intrathecal administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine , 2007, Journal of Neurology.

[44]  J. Inamasu,et al.  Intracranial hypotension with spinal pathology. , 2006, The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society.

[45]  F. Meyer,et al.  Surgical Anatomy of Dural Defects in Spontaneous Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks , 2006, Neurosurgery.

[46]  W. Schievink,et al.  Spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks and intracranial hypotension. , 2006, JAMA.

[47]  J. Vital,et al.  Analysis of hard thoracic herniated discs: review of 18 cases operated by thoracoscopy , 2006, European Spine Journal.

[48]  Jung-Il Lee,et al.  Clinical Features and Long-term Results of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension , 2005, Neurosurgery.

[49]  A. Berlis,et al.  Intrathecal gadolinium-enhanced MR myelography showing multiple dural leakages in a patient with Marfan syndrome. , 2005, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[50]  W. Schievink,et al.  False localizing sign of C1-2 cerebrospinal fluid leak in spontaneous intracranial hypotension. , 2004, Journal of Neurosurgery.

[51]  W. Schievink,et al.  Recurrent Spontaneous Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Associated with “Nude Nerve Root” Syndrome: Case Report , 2003, Neurosurgery.

[52]  B. Mokri,et al.  Dynamic CT myelography: a technique for localizing high-flow spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks. , 2003, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[53]  D. Dodick,et al.  Orthostatic Headache Syndrome with Csf Leak Secondary To Bony Pathology of the Cervical Spine , 2002, Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache.

[54]  K. Yokoyama,et al.  Radionuclide cisternography in intracranial hypotension syndrome , 2002, Annals of nuclear medicine.

[55]  D. Sencakova,et al.  The efficacy of epidural blood patch in spontaneous CSF leaks , 2001, Neurology.

[56]  A. Straube,et al.  Cervical MR imaging in postural headache: MR signs and pathophysiological implications. , 2001, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[57]  P. Ball,et al.  The pathophysiology of thoracic disc disease. , 2000, Neurosurgical focus.

[58]  F. Meyer,et al.  Surgical treatment of spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks. , 1998, Journal of neurosurgery.

[59]  B. Mokri,et al.  Syndrome of orthostatic headaches and diffuse pachymeningeal gadolinium enhancement. , 1997, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[60]  J. J. Broerse,et al.  Survey of CT techniques and absorbed dose in various Dutch hospitals. , 1997, The British journal of radiology.

[61]  C. Warlow,et al.  Spontaneous intracranial hypotension from a CSF leak in a patient with Marfan's syndrome. , 1995, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[62]  G. Krol,et al.  MRI changes in intracranial hypotension , 1993, Neurology.

[63]  W. Dillon,et al.  Dural enhancement and cerebral displacement secondary to intracranial hypotension , 1993, Neurology.

[64]  J. Brierley.  THE PENETRATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER FROM THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID INTO THE SPINAL GANGLIA, PERIPHERAL NERVES, AND PERIVASCULAR SPACES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM , 1950, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.