Testing Quantum Consciousness

We give here a review of the experiments that we performed in the last few years to conclude that mentals states follow quantum mechanics. As theoretical basis we give explanation of the contextual dependence of probabilities in the theoretical basis that was introduced by A. Khrennikov. In this case the classical formula of total probability does not hold true in quantum systems unless an interference terms is added that moves in analogy with quantum mechanics in which the formula of probability is violated inducing the well known effects of interference. All the experiments were carried out on normal subjects during perception and cognition of ambiguous figures. All they confirmed the presence of such quantum like interference also for mental states. From here our unequivocal conclusion that mental states follow quantum mechanics. A position of quantum mechanics as Giano Bifronte, the two faced God of mythology, is discussed with respect to its role in the analysis and characterization of mental entities.

[1]  Harald Atmanspacher,et al.  Quantum Zeno features of bistable perception , 2003, Biological Cybernetics.

[2]  The transition from ontic potentiality to actualization of states in quantum mechanical approach to reality: The Proof of a Mathematical Theorem to Support It , 2006, quant-ph/0607196.

[3]  Alison Gopnik,et al.  Reversing How to Think about Ambiguous Figure Reversals: Spontaneous Alternating by Uninformed Observers , 2006 .

[4]  Efstratios Manousakis Quantum theory, consciousness and temporal perception: Binocular rivalry , 2007 .

[5]  T. F. Jordan Quantum mechanics in simple matrix form , 1986 .

[6]  Richard S. J. Frackowiak,et al.  Human brain activity during spontaneously reversing perception of ambiguous figures , 1998, 5th IEEE EMBS International Summer School on Biomedical Imaging, 2002..

[7]  N. David Mermin,et al.  Boojums All The Way Through , 1990 .

[8]  R. Hetherington The Perception of the Visual World , 1952 .

[9]  On some detailed examples of quantum like structures containing quantum potential states in the sphere of biological dynamics , 2006, physics/0608236.

[10]  A. G. Khromov,et al.  Logical Self-Reference as a Model for Conscious Experience. , 2001, Journal of mathematical psychology.

[11]  Kazuo Sakai,et al.  Perspective reversal caused by chaotic switching in PDP schema model , 1993, IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks.

[12]  Massimo Riani,et al.  Effects of Visual Angle on Perspective Reversal for Ambiguous Patterns , 1982, Perception.

[13]  C. Jung,et al.  Atom and Archetype: The Pauli/Jung Letters, 1932-1958 , 2001 .

[14]  Leslie E Ballentine,et al.  The statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics , 1970 .

[15]  Engelbert L. Schucking,et al.  Atom and Archetype: The Pauli/Jung Letters, 1932-1958 , 2001 .

[16]  F. Attneave Multistability in perception. , 1971, Scientific American.

[17]  Joseph P. Zbilut,et al.  Some remarks on an experiment suggesting quantum-like behavior of cognitive entities and formulation of an abstract quantum mechanical formalism to describe cognitive entity and its dynamics , 2007 .

[18]  Michael T. Turvey,et al.  Contrasting orientations to the theory of visual information processing. , 1977 .

[19]  Tsuyoshi Katayama,et al.  Chaos Causes Perspective Reversals for Ambiguious Patterns , 1994, IPMU.

[20]  D. Strüber,et al.  Reversal-rate dependent differences in the EEG gamma-band during multistable visual perception. , 2000, International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.

[21]  Henry P. Stapp,et al.  Mind, matter, and quantum mechanics , 1982 .

[22]  J. Zbilut,et al.  A Conclusive Experimentation Evidences that Mental States Follow Quantum Mechanics. Further Experimentation Indicates that in Mind States Bell Inequality Violation is Possible , 2008, 0802.1835.

[23]  Y. Orlov,et al.  The wave logic of consciousness: A hypothesis , 1982 .

[24]  Andrei Khrennikov,et al.  A model of quantum-like decision-making with applications to psychology and cognitive science , 2007, 0711.1366.

[25]  E. Conte A Proof Of Kochen - Specker Theorem of Quantum Mechanics Using a Quantum Like Algebraic Formulation , 2007, 0712.2992.

[26]  A. Whitehead Adventures of ideas , 1933 .

[27]  A. Messiah Quantum Mechanics , 1961 .

[28]  Elio Conte,et al.  A Preliminar Evidence of Quantum Like Behavior in Measurements of Mental States , 2003 .

[29]  F. S. Marvin Process and Reality: an Essay in Cosmology , 1930, Nature.

[30]  J. Eccles,et al.  Quantum aspects of brain activity and the role of consciousness. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.