Three-dimensional FDTD modeling and analysis of microwave circulators

Abstract An extended finite difference time domain (FDTD) scheme for three-dimensional modeling of ferrite loaded microwave circuits is applied to the analysis of microwave circulator structures. An FDTD method for the simulation of magnetized ferrite material is introduced, and a brief stability analysis is given. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by the analysis of several examples and a comparison with measurements. The differences that arise from the assumption of either a uniform or non-uniform static field distribution inside the ferrite are analyzed and evaluated.

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