Introduction/Background Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the ovary (PSCCO) is a rare entity. Most squamous cell carcinoma cases arise from a cystic teratoma or less frequently are associated with Brenner tumor or endometriosis. We review 36 cases of PSCCO reported in the literature. Methodology Data were collected in November 2018. Twenty-three articles from 1964 to 2018 presenting thirty-six cases of PSCCO are reported in the literature. All reviewed cases were analyzed according to diagnosis, surgical approach, adjuvant therapy and outcome. Results Patients‘ age ranged from 27 to 90 years (mean age: 52.9 years). Tumor size ranged from 1.5 to 26 cm in the greatest axis (mean value: 10.3 cm). The most frequent symptom was abdominal pain. Other symptoms were related to tumor growth, metastasis, local extension or were non specific. Only few patients were asymptomatic. In 10 cases high grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia was associated. Grossly tumors were either cystic or solid. Microscopically several different morphological patterns were present. All patients were treated surgically, in most cases with hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Adjuvant therapy was administered in twenty-four patients. Information regarding outcome was available in 31 cases. Follow-up time ranged from 9 days to 90 months. Eleven patients were alive with no evidence of disease, three were alive with metastases and seventeen succumbed to disease. Conclusion PSCCO is a rare entity. Treatment includes combination of surgical management with adjuvant therapy when necessary. Its prognosis seems to be poorer compared to other ovarian carcinomas. Further investigations are needed to define optimal treatment and prognosis. Disclosure Nothing to disclose.