Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in a Four‐Phase External Loop Air Lift Bioreactor

An external loop air lift reactor (ELALR) was developed and designed for continuous production and extraction of extracellular secondary metabolites by immobilized Frangula alnus Mill. plant cells. This system was considered as a four‐phase system, with dispersed gas, nonaqueous liquid solvent, and calcium alginate particles in water or Murashige and Skoog medium. Analysis of the four‐phase ELALR revealed the influence of gas, solvent, calcium alginate particles and MS medium composition on gas and solvent holdup, liquid circulation velocity, mixing in aqueous liquid phase, and mass transfer coefficients of oxygen and plant cell product. It was shown that the gas holdup appears to be the principal variable determining the properties of the four‐phase system. An unified correlation for the gas holdup, based on drift flux flow in a three‐phase system, has been extended to the four‐phase system. Bubble size and bubble size distribution observed in the bubbly flow regime were the same in water as in the MS medium system (Sauter mean diameter 2.5 mm). Consequently, gas holdup and all related parameters, such as liquid circulation velocity, oxygen mass transfer coefficient, and axial liquid dispersion in MS medium, were similar to those in water for the four‐phase system.

[1]  F. Skoog,et al.  A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures , 1962 .

[2]  O. Levenspiel.  Chemical Reaction Engineering , 1972 .

[3]  S. Khang,et al.  A New Probe and Circuit for Measuring Electrolyte Conductivity , 1975 .

[4]  J. Roszak,et al.  Cocurrent liquid—liquid extraction in fluidized beds , 1979 .

[5]  P. Dakshinamurty,et al.  Bed Porosities in Three-Phase (Liquid-Liquid) Fluidized Beds , 1979 .

[6]  Campbell W. Robinson,et al.  Liquid circulation and mixing characteristics of airlift contactors , 1984 .

[7]  R. Labadie,et al.  Anthraquinones, Anthrones and Dianthrones in Callus Cultures of Rhamnus frangula and Rhamnus purshiana. , 1984, Planta medica.

[8]  M. W. Fowler.  Plant Cell Culture — Future Perspectives , 1985 .

[9]  C. W. Robinson,et al.  The specific interfacial area in external-circulation-loop airlifts and a bubble column. I: Aqueous sodium sulphite solution , 1987 .

[10]  Liang-Shih Fan,et al.  Gas-Liquid-Solid Fluidization Engineering , 1989 .

[11]  J. Tramper,et al.  Hydrodynamic model for liquid‐impelled loop reactors , 1990, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[12]  Campbell W. Robinson,et al.  Application of airlift gas-liquid-solid reactors in biotechnology , 1992 .

[13]  J. Tramper,et al.  Stratégies to improve the production of secondary metabolites with plant cell cultures : a literature review , 1992 .

[14]  J. Snape,et al.  Hydrodynamic studies in an external loop airlift reactor containing aqueous electrolyte and sugar solutions , 1992 .

[15]  P. Brodelius,et al.  Increasing secondary metabolite production in plant-cell culture by redirecting transport. , 1993, Trends in biotechnology.

[16]  G. Vunjak‐Novakovic,et al.  Liquid dispersion in a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (MSFB) , 1994 .