The threshold effect of incident light intensity for the photorefractive light-induced scattering in LiNbO3:Fe,M (M=Mg2+, Zn2+, In3+) crystals

Based on the two-center model and the multi-three-wave mixing model, we theoretically study the possible origins of the threshold effect of the incident light intensity for the photorefractive light-induced scattering in LiNbO3:Fe,M, (M=Mg2+, Zn2+, In3+) crystals. Our results show that the value of the threshold intensity of incident light is strongly dependent on the dark conductivity of the crystal, and the maximum total fanning noise is dependent on the concentration of Fe ion on the Li site. These two factors together determine the threshold behavior of incident light intensity for the photorefractive light-induced scattering in LiNbO3:Fe,M crystals when the incident light intensity is in moderate range.

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