Physical De-Icing Techniques for Wind Turbine Blades

The review reflects physical solutions for de-icing, one of the main problems that impedes the efficient use of wind turbines for autonomous energy resources in cold regions. This topic is currently very relevant for ensuring the dynamic development of wind energy in the Arctic. The review discusses an effective anti-icing strategy for wind turbine blades, including various passive and active physical de-icing techniques using superhydrophobic coatings, thermal heaters, ultrasonic and vibration devices, operating control to determine the optimal methods and their combinations. After a brief description of the active methods, the energy consumption required for their realization is estimated. Passive methods do not involve extra costs, so the review focuses on the most promising solutions with superhydrophobic coatings. Among them, special attention is paid to plastic coatings with a lithographic method of applying micro and nanostructures. This review is of interest to researchers who develop new effective solutions for protection against icing, in particular, when choosing systems for protecting wind turbines.

[1]  Liang Cheng,et al.  A dual de-icing system for wind turbine blades combining high-power ultrasonic guided waves and low-frequency forced vibrations , 2015 .

[2]  W. Barthlott,et al.  Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces , 1997, Planta.

[3]  Sigurdur T. Thoroddsen,et al.  Drop Impact on a Solid Surface , 2016 .

[4]  J. Ding,et al.  Verification of icephobic/anti-icing properties of a superhydrophobic surface. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[5]  M. Tiwari,et al.  On the nanoengineering of superhydrophobic and impalement resistant surface textures below the freezing temperature. , 2014, Nano letters.

[6]  Rastayesh,et al.  Risk Assessment and Value of Action Analysis for Icing Conditions of Wind Turbines Close to Highways , 2019, Energies.

[7]  K. Wei,et al.  A review on ice detection technology and ice elimination technology for wind turbine , 2019, Wind Energy.

[8]  R. Taboryski,et al.  Replication of micro-sized pillars in polypropylene using the extrusion coating process , 2017 .

[9]  Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Nano- and Microroughnesses on the Intensity of Swirled Flow , 2021, Doklady Physics.

[10]  Qin Hu,et al.  Study of ice accretion feature and power characteristics of wind turbines at natural icing environment , 2018 .

[11]  C. Béguin,et al.  Maximal deformation of an impacting drop , 2004, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[12]  J. Gordillo,et al.  Experiments of drops impacting a smooth solid surface: a model of the critical impact speed for drop splashing. , 2014, Physical review letters.

[13]  H. C. Pedersen,et al.  Fabrication of Nanostructures by Roll‐to‐Roll Extrusion Coating , 2016 .

[14]  A. Rutgersson,et al.  Single Column Model Simulations of Icing Conditions in Northern Sweden: Sensitivity to Surface Model Land Use Representation , 2020, Energies.

[15]  Marcelo Reggio,et al.  Prediction of ice accretion and anti-icing heating power on wind turbine blades using standard commercial software , 2016 .

[16]  A. Yarin.  Drop Impact Dynamics: Splashing, Spreading, Receding, Bouncing ... , 2006 .

[17]  Holger Koss,et al.  Effects of ice accretion on the aerodynamics of bridge cables , 2015 .

[18]  Patrick Lanusse,et al.  CRONE control based anti-icing/deicing system for wind turbine blades , 2016 .

[19]  A. Ilinca.  Analysis and Mitigation of Icing Effects on Wind Turbines , 2011 .

[21]  Walter Bacher,et al.  Hot embossing - The molding technique for plastic microstructures , 1998 .

[22]  G. McKinley,et al.  Exploiting topographical texture to impart icephobicity. , 2010, ACS nano.

[23]  Yuanming Xu,et al.  An effect assessment and prediction method of ultrasonic de-icing for composite wind turbine blades , 2018 .

[24]  J.L. Rose,et al.  Ice detection and classification on an aircraft wing with ultrasonic shear horizontal guided waves , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[25]  Michael P. Brenner,et al.  The mechanism of a splash on a dry solid surface , 2011, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[26]  J. López,et al.  Experimental study of splashing patterns and the splashing/deposition threshold in drop impacts onto dry smooth solid surfaces , 2013 .

[27]  H. Sarlak,et al.  Analysis of derating and anti-icing strategies for wind turbines in cold climates , 2021 .

[28]  K. Osintsev,et al.  Improvement Dependability of Offshore Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines by Applying New Mathematical Methods for Calculation the Excess Speed in Case of Wind Gusts , 2021, Energies.

[29]  A. Grönman,et al.  Study of the Intelligent Control and Modes of the Arctic-Adopted Wind–Diesel Hybrid System , 2021, Energies.

[30]  Joanna Aizenberg,et al.  Design of ice-free nanostructured surfaces based on repulsion of impacting water droplets. , 2010, ACS nano.

[31]  Chao Sun,et al.  Dynamics of high-speed micro-drop impact: numerical simulations and experiments at frame-to-frame times below 100 ns. , 2015, Soft matter.

[32]  C. Hsieh,et al.  Water and oil repellency of flexible silica-coated polymeric substrates , 2010 .

[33]  L. Duchemin,et al.  Rarefied gas correction for the bubble entrapment singularity in drop impacts , 2012, 1208.0159.

[34]  A. Tuteja,et al.  Superoleophobic surfaces through control of sprayed-on stochastic topography. , 2012, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[35]  Tat-Hean Gan,et al.  Modelling and empirical development of an anti/de-icing approach for wind turbine blades through superposition of different types of vibration , 2016 .

[36]  A. Cassie,et al.  Wettability of porous surfaces , 1944 .

[37]  Stephen Y. Chou,et al.  Imprint of sub-25 nm vias and trenches in polymers , 1995 .

[38]  Torgeir Moan,et al.  Wind turbine aerodynamic response under atmospheric icing conditions , 2014 .

[39]  H Sojoudi,et al.  Durable and scalable icephobic surfaces: similarities and distinctions from superhydrophobic surfaces. , 2016, Soft matter.

[40]  Konrad Rykaczewski,et al.  Bioinspired Stimuli‐Responsive and Antifreeze‐Secreting Anti‐Icing Coatings , 2015 .

[41]  J. King,et al.  Convective heat transfer over thin ice covered coastal polynyas , 2010 .

[42]  Young Soo Joung,et al.  Aerosol generation by raindrop impact on soil , 2015, Nature Communications.

[43]  I. Yilgor,et al.  Influence of the coating method on the formation of superhydrophobic silicone–urea surfaces modified with fumed silica nanoparticles , 2015 .

[44]  M. Farzaneh,et al.  Image Characteristic Extraction of Ice-Covered Outdoor Insulator for Monitoring Icing Degree , 2020 .

[45]  Zhenjun Wang,et al.  Recent progress on ultrasonic de-icing technique used for wind power generation, high-voltage transmission line and aircraft , 2017 .

[46]  J. Sørensen,et al.  Aerodynamic effect of icing/rain impacts on super-hydrophobic surfaces , 2018 .

[47]  Kripa K. Varanasi,et al.  Reducing the contact time of a bouncing drop , 2013, Nature.

[48]  Zhong Chen,et al.  Mechanically robust superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings derived by sol–gel method , 2016 .

[49]  R. Taboryski,et al.  Effect of Structure Hierarchy for Superhydrophobic Polymer Surfaces Studied by Droplet Evaporation , 2018, Nanomaterials.

[50]  D. Lohse,et al.  On the spreading of impacting drops , 2016, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[51]  Ç. Söz,et al.  Wetting behavior of superhydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) , 2018, Progress in Organic Coatings.

[52]  R. Taboryski,et al.  Superhydrophobic Properties of Nanotextured Polypropylene Foils Fabricated by Roll-to-Roll Extrusion Coating. , 2016, ACS macro letters.

[53]  M. Farzaneh,et al.  How wetting hysteresis influences ice adhesion strength on superhydrophobic surfaces. , 2009, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[54]  M. Chaichan,et al.  Optimum design and evaluation of hybrid solar/wind/diesel power system for Masirah Island , 2017, Environment, Development and Sustainability.

[55]  Yuanming Xu,et al.  Progress on ultrasonic guided waves de-icing techniques in improving aviation energy efficiency , 2017 .

[56]  Ching-cheh Hung,et al.  A heater made from graphite composite material for potential deicing application , 1987 .

[57]  Chenxing Hu,et al.  Wind turbines ice distribution and load response under icing conditions , 2017 .

[58]  Kohsei Takehara,et al.  High-Speed Imaging of Drops and Bubbles , 2008 .

[59]  Victor Elistratov,et al.  Energy Efficient Solutions of Power Supply in North Regions , 2015 .

[60]  Tariq Iqbal,et al.  A review of integrating ice detection and mitigation for wind turbine blades , 2019, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.

[61]  H. Bergström,et al.  Probabilistic Forecasting of Wind Turbine Icing Related Production Losses Using Quantile Regression Forests , 2020, Energies.

[62]  Edward C. Smith,et al.  Ultrasonic De-Icing Bondline Design and Rotor Ice Testing , 2013 .

[63]  Abraham Marmur,et al.  Wetting on Hydrophobic Rough Surfaces: To Be Heterogeneous or Not To Be? , 2003 .

[64]  M. Rein.  Phenomena of liquid drop impact on solid and liquid surfaces , 1993 .

[65]  Marco Marengo,et al.  Drop collisions with simple and complex surfaces , 2011 .

[66]  M. Farzaneh,et al.  Superhydrophobic Coatings with Reduced Ice Adhesion , 2009 .

[67]  Joseph L. Rose,et al.  Instantaneous De-Icing of Freezer Ice via Ultrasonic Actuation , 2011 .

[68]  Xiyun Yang,et al.  Diagnosis of Blade Icing Using Multiple Intelligent Algorithms , 2020 .

[69]  David Quéré.  Leidenfrost Dynamics , 2016 .

[70]  W. Yan,et al.  Experimental study on two consecutive droplets impacting onto an inclined solid surface , 2021 .

[71]  Lichao Gao,et al.  Wetting 101 degrees. , 2009, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[72]  Michel Cervantes,et al.  Numerical Investigation of the Aeroelastic Behavior of a Wind Turbine with Iced Blades , 2019, Energies.

[73]  E. Smith,et al.  Ultrasonic De-Icing of Wind-Tunnel Impact Icing , 2011 .

[74]  Olivier Parent,et al.  Anti-icing and de-icing techniques for wind turbines: Critical review , 2011 .

[75]  R. Carriveau,et al.  A review of surface engineering issues critical to wind turbine performance , 2009 .