Edema pulmonar por presin negativa: a propsito de 3 casos

El edema agudo pulmonar por presion negativa es una complicacion descrita desde 1977 tras la obstruccion de la via aerea respiratoria, tanto en ninos como en adultos. Aunque su etiopatogenia es multifactorial, destaca especialmente la excesiva presion intratoracica negativa causada por la inspiracion forzada espontanea de un paciente con la glotis cerrada, que resulta en trasudacion de liquido de los capilares pulmonares hacia el espacio alveolointersticial. El edema pulmonar resultante puede aparecer en pocos minutos tras la obstruccion de la via aerea o de forma diferida al cabo de varias horas. Este cuadro clinico es potencialmente grave, pero habitualmente responde bien al tratamiento con oxigenoterapia, ventilacion mecanica a presion positiva y diureticos. Es importante el diagnostico de sospecha para adecuar el tratamiento con presteza. Presentamos nuestra experiencia en 3 casos clinicos con edema agudo pulmonar por presion negativa.

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