Effects of antecedent fermentative and respiratory growth on the detection of chloramine-stressed Escherichia coil and Salmonella typhimurium.

In vitro laboratory studies were performed to assess the effects of antecedent growth conditions on the recovery of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 following chloramine disinfection. Six- and 18-h cultures of each organism were grown under aerobic, fermentative, and nitrate-reducing conditions prior to disinfection. At predetermined time intervals during a 10-min exposure to chloramine, survivors were surface plated on nonselective recovery media to determine C(n)t values. It was observed that nitrate-reducing growth predisposed the test organisms towards an increased sensitivity to chloramine stress over cells grown under fermentation or aerobic conditions (p < 0.01).

[1]  M. Lechevallier,et al.  Chloramination: its effect on distribution system water quality , 1997 .

[2]  J. Cole.  Nitrate reduction to ammonia by enteric bacteria: redundancy, or a strategy for survival during oxygen starvation? , 1996, FEMS microbiology letters.

[3]  M. Balimandawa,et al.  The mutagenicity of nitrite in the Salmonella/microsome test system. , 1994, Mutation research.

[4]  B H Olson,et al.  Physiological studies of chloramine resistance developed by Klebsiella pneumoniae under low-nutrient growth conditions , 1992, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[5]  P. Munro,et al.  Sensitivity of Escherichia coli cells to seawater closely depends on their growth stage. , 1992, The Journal of applied bacteriology.

[6]  B H Olson,et al.  Impact of growth conditions on resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to chloramines , 1992, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[7]  G. K. Bissonnette,et al.  Antecedent Oxygen Growth Conditions and Recovery of Heat-Stressed Escherichia coli 1. , 1991, Journal of food protection.

[8]  M W LeChevallier,et al.  Enumeration of Enterobacter cloacae after chloramine exposure , 1989, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[9]  P. Munro,et al.  Influence of prior growth conditions on low nutrient response of Escherichia coli in seawater. , 1989, Canadian journal of microbiology.

[10]  G. Macfarlane,et al.  Effect of nitrate on methane production and fermentation by slurries of human faecal bacteria. , 1988, Journal of general microbiology.

[11]  Ramon G. Lee,et al.  Factors promoting survival of bacteria in chlorinated water supplies , 1988, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[12]  R. Mackie,et al.  Effect of nitrate and its reduction products on the growth and activity of the rumen microbial population , 1988, British Journal of Nutrition.

[13]  J. C. Hoff,et al.  Inactivation of particle-associated coliforms by chlorine and monochloramine , 1988, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[14]  J. C. Hoff,et al.  Microbial resistance to disinfectants: mechanisms and significance. , 1986, Environmental health perspectives.

[15]  J. D. Berg,et al.  Effect of antecedent growth conditions on sensitivity of Escherichia coli to chlorine dioxide , 1982, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[16]  Kenneth E. Shull.  Experience with chloramines as primary disinfectants , 1981 .

[17]  D. Williams,et al.  Halamine water disinfectants , 1988 .

[18]  A. E. Greenberg,et al.  Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater : supplement to the sixteenth edition , 1988 .

[19]  S. Nasuno,et al.  Relation of nitrite concentration to mutagen formation in soy sauce. , 1986, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[20]  Betty H. Olson,et al.  Inactivation of heterotrophic bacterial populations in finished drinking water by chlorine and chloramines , 1985 .

[21]  P. Hartman.  Nitrates and Nitrites: Ingestion, Pharmacodynamics, and Toxicology , 1982 .

[22]  Noel V. Brodtmann,et al.  The Use of Chloramine for Reduction of Trihalomethanes and Disinfection of Drinking Water , 1979 .