Reliable Multimedia Broadcasting over Dense Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks (Invited Paper)

Broadcasting is an essential operation for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks to perform routing path discovery, and it has become the predominant technology for message dissemination in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). In the reactive routing schemes of wireless ad hoc network, Routing Request (RREQ) packets are broadcast from the source, and once received the destination traces back the broadcasting path to build an on-demand route. In VANETs, different broadcasting schemes have been proposed for safety, comfort, and commercial applications. However, broadcasting usually generates a lot of redundant messages which would cause excessive channel contention and packet collisions, especially when the density of the network becomes higher. In this survey article, we first introduce the most common data dissemination techniques used in wireless ad hoc networks. After that, we discuss techniques that have been proposed to mitigate the broadcast storm problem. Finally, we introduce an effective model for analyzing the broadcasting schemes, and based on the model we propose an adaptively adjusted probabilistic scheme that highly improves the reliability of broadcasting in dense ad hoc networks.

[1]  Marco Conti,et al.  IEEE 802.11 protocol: design and performance evaluation of an adaptive backoff mechanism , 2000, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[2]  M. Oliver,et al.  Dynamic P-Persistent Backoff for Higher Efficiency and Implicit Prioritization , 2008 .

[3]  Charles E. Perkins,et al.  Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing , 1999, Proceedings WMCSA'99. Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications.

[4]  Y. C. Tay,et al.  Ad hoc Multicast Routing protocol utilizing Increasing id-numberS (AMRIS) Functional Specification , 1999 .

[5]  Kien A. Hua,et al.  Performance Study of Live Video Streaming Over Highway Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2007, 2007 IEEE 66th Vehicular Technology Conference.

[6]  Tamer A. ElBatt,et al.  Cooperative collision warning using dedicated short range wireless communications , 2006, VANET '06.

[7]  J. Yeh,et al.  WLAN standards , 2003 .

[8]  Giovanni Pau,et al.  Co-operative downloading in vehicular ad-hoc wireless networks , 2005, Second Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services.

[9]  Ilenia Tinnirello,et al.  Kalman filter estimation of the number of competing terminals in an IEEE 802.11 network , 2003, IEEE INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37428).

[10]  A. Girotra,et al.  Performance Analysis of the IEEE 802 . 11 Distributed Coordination Function , 2005 .

[11]  Tracy Camp,et al.  Comparison of broadcasting techniques for mobile ad hoc networks , 2002, MobiHoc '02.

[12]  Irfan-Ullah Awan,et al.  Performance evaluation of dynamic probabilistic flooding under different mobility models in MANETs , 2007, 2007 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[13]  Wei Peng,et al.  On the reduction of broadcast redundancy in mobile ad hoc networks , 2000, 2000 First Annual Workshop on Mobile and Ad Hoc Networking and Computing. MobiHOC (Cat. No.00EX444).

[14]  Hannes Hartenstein,et al.  Broadcast reception rates and effects of priority access in 802.11-based vehicular ad-hoc networks , 2004, VANET '04.

[15]  Christian Maihöfer,et al.  A survey of geocast routing protocols , 2004, IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials.

[16]  Xue Liu,et al.  A survey of multicast routing protocols for mobile Ad-Hoc networks , 2009, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[17]  Marco Conti,et al.  Runtime optimization of IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs performance , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[18]  Zygmunt J. Haas,et al.  The performance of query control schemes for the zone routing protocol , 1998, SIGCOMM '98.

[19]  Dharma P. Agrawal,et al.  Dynamic probabilistic broadcasting in MANETs , 2005, J. Parallel Distributed Comput..

[20]  Sung-Ju Lee,et al.  On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) for Ad-Hoc Networks , 2002 .

[21]  M. Jiang,et al.  Cluster based routing protocol (CBRP) , 1999 .

[22]  Michalis Faloutsos,et al.  Understanding and Exploiting the Trade-Offs between Broadcasting and Multicasting in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[23]  Elmar Schoch,et al.  Communication patterns in VANETs , 2008, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[24]  Felix Schmidt-Eisenlohr,et al.  IEEE 802.11-based one-hop broadcast communications: understanding transmission success and failure under different radio propagation environments , 2006, MSWiM '06.

[25]  Jinyang Li,et al.  Cluster Based Routing Protocol(CBRP) Functional Specification , 1999 .

[26]  Yan Grunenberger,et al.  Experience with an implementation of the Idle Sense wireless access method , 2007, CoNEXT '07.

[27]  Hannes Hartenstein,et al.  A tutorial survey on vehicular ad hoc networks , 2008, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[28]  Thomas Kunz.  Multicasting in mobile ad-hoc networks: achieving high packet delivery ratios , 2003, CASCON.

[29]  S. Yousefi,et al.  Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs): Challenges and Perspectives , 2006, 2006 6th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications.

[30]  Andrzej Duda,et al.  Idle sense: an optimal access method for high throughput and fairness in rate diverse wireless LANs , 2005, SIGCOMM '05.

[31]  Marco Conti,et al.  Dynamic tuning of the IEEE 802.11 protocol to achieve a theoretical throughput limit , 2000, TNET.

[32]  Jinhua Guo,et al.  Increasing broadcast reliability in vehicular ad hoc networks , 2006, VANET '06.

[33]  Charles E. Perkins,et al.  Highly dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers , 1994, SIGCOMM.

[34]  B. R. Badrinath,et al.  Trajectory based forwarding and its applications , 2003, MobiCom '03.

[35]  Xiaodong Wang,et al.  Adaptive Optimization of IEEE 802.11 DCF Based on Bayesian Estimation of the Number of Competing Terminals , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[36]  S. Yousefi.  Vehicular AdHoc Networks (VANETs) , 2006 .

[37]  Paolo Santi,et al.  Fair sharing of bandwidth in VANETs , 2005, VANET '05.

[38]  Xiaomin Ma,et al.  Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11 Broadcast Scheme in Ad Hoc Wireless LANs , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[39]  Ozan K. Tonguz,et al.  On the Broadcast Storm Problem in Ad hoc Wireless Networks , 2006, 2006 3rd International Conference on Broadband Communications, Networks and Systems.

[40]  Brad Karp,et al.  GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks , 2000, MobiCom '00.

[41]  Dharma P. Agrawal,et al.  Multicast over wireless mobile ad hoc networks: present and future directions , 2003, IEEE Netw..

[42]  Luigi Fratta,et al.  Performance evaluation and enhancement of the CSMA/CA MAC protocol for 802.11 wireless LANs , 1996, Proceedings of PIMRC '96 - 7th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Communications.

[43]  Robert A. Scholtz,et al.  Performance Analysis of , 1998 .

[44]  Yu Wang,et al.  Routing in vehicular ad hoc networks: A survey , 2007, IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine.

[45]  Giovanni Pau,et al.  Code torrent: content distribution using network coding in VANET , 2006, MobiShare '06.

[46]  Martin Mauve,et al.  A survey on position-based routing in mobile ad hoc networks , 2001, IEEE Netw..

[47]  Ilenia Tinnirello,et al.  Remarks on IEEE 802.11 DCF performance analysis , 2005, IEEE Communications Letters.

[48]  Elizabeth M. Belding-Royer,et al.  A review of current routing protocols for ad hoc mobile wireless networks , 1999, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[49]  Yu-Chee Tseng,et al.  The Broadcast Storm Problem in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network , 1999, Wirel. Networks.