Modeling, identification, and control of coal-fired thermal power plants

Abstract The major portion of total captive power comes from thermal power from coal, oil, natural gas, etc., of which coal-fired units contribute 41% of global electricity. The overall efficiency of such power plants is 33% due to variations in power plant design, use of wide fuel ranges, different steam turbines, and lack in modeling and control configurations. To improve this efficiency, knowledge on material and energy flows across subsystems, including fuel handling, boiler, turbine, and air management need to be known properly. In addition, there is a widespread lack in measurement and instrumentation systems in power plants across the fleet and operators. This scenario makes the operational adjustments more difficult. Again, the strictness in environmental compliances (sulfur and nitrogen components) is met at the cost of limiting thermal efficiency. Moreover, to comply with faster load change, less fuel consumption and more efficient supercritical boilers have been studied. Hence, to improve the efficiency level, more research starting from the state-of-the-art review on modeling, identification, and control methods of coal-fired boilers and the integrated plant is aimed in this work. This will also address the issue of global climate change and reduction in emission of greenhouse gases.

[1]  J. Waddington,et al.  The control of large coal- and oil-fired generating units , 1987 .

[2]  Gang Pan,et al.  Research on Generalized Intelligent Coordinated Control System of Supercritical Unit , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Energy and Environment Technology.

[3]  Mimi Haryani Hassim,et al.  Artificial neural networks: applications in chemical engineering , 2013 .

[4]  C. Mahanta,et al.  Modelling of Thermal Power Plant using Full Factorial Design based ANFIS , 2006, 2006 IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems.

[5]  Benito R. Fernandez,et al.  A neural network based adaptive fault detection scheme , 1995, Proceedings of 1995 American Control Conference - ACC'95.

[6]  Paolo Iora,et al.  Innovative combined heat and power system based on a double shaft intercooled externally fired gas cycle , 2013 .

[7]  Un-Chul Moon,et al.  Step-Response Model Development for Dynamic Matrix Control of a Drum-Type Boiler–Turbine System , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[8]  D. Dutta Majumder,et al.  Fuzzy logic control of a nonlinear multivariable steam generating unit using decoupling theory , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[9]  Yujie Zhang,et al.  Control strategy for main steam pressure of combustion system of pulverized coal boiler , 2012, Proceedings of 2012 International Conference on Measurement, Information and Control.

[10]  Liu Changliang,et al.  Model identification of thermal process in power plant , 2004, 2004 IEEE Region 10 Conference TENCON 2004..

[11]  D. S. WEBER,et al.  An Energy Approach to Feedwater System Modeling , 1978, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[12]  Liu Changliang,et al.  Nonlinear modeling and simulation for large scale coal-fired power unit , 2004, 30th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2004. IECON 2004.

[13]  Xue Yali,et al.  Heat-power-gas capacity of natural gas-fired combined cycle cogeneration power plant , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Materials for Renewable Energy & Environment.

[14]  Shaoyuan Li,et al.  A new coordinated control strategy for boiler-turbine system of coal-fired power plant , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.

[15]  E. Cheres.  Small and medium size drum boiler models suitable for long term dynamic response , 1990 .

[16]  Riccardo Scattolini,et al.  Predictive control of thermal Power Plants , 2004 .

[17]  Ertuğrul Çam,et al.  Experimental modelling and simulation with adaptive control of power plant , 2007 .

[18]  Jian-mei Wang,et al.  Network-based simulation and modeling for super-critical boiler air flue system , 2008, 2008 Asia Simulation Conference - 7th International Conference on System Simulation and Scientific Computing.

[19]  Ji-Zhen Liu,et al.  Application of neural network model reference adaptive control in coal-fired boiler combustion system , 2004, Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826).

[20]  G. Dieck-Assad,et al.  Optimal Set-Point Scheduling in a Boiler-Turbine System , 1987, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[21]  Ali Ghaffari,et al.  Identification and control of power plant de-superheater using soft computing techniques , 2007, Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell..

[22]  Baxter F. Womack,et al.  Application of a Multivariable Self-Tuning Controller to a Power Plant Boiler , 1984, 1984 American Control Conference.

[23]  G. Y. Masada,et al.  Application of the Multi-Input Multi-Output One-Step-Ahead Adaptive Controller to a Power Plant Boiler , 1985, 1985 American Control Conference.

[24]  K. Lo,et al.  Development of a static-state estimator for a power station boiler Part II. Estimation algorithm and bad data processing , 1990 .

[25]  Ji-zhen Liu,et al.  Online self-optimizing control of coal-fired boiler combustion system , 2004, 2004 IEEE Region 10 Conference TENCON 2004..

[26]  Aini Hussain,et al.  Dynamic Modeling of a Single Shaft Gas Turbine , 1992 .

[27]  Yukihiro Toyoda,et al.  Exponential ARX model-based long-range predictive control strategy for power plants , 2001 .

[28]  Abdolsaeid Ganjeh Kaviri,et al.  Modeling and multi-objective exergy based optimization of a combined cycle power plant using a genetic algorithm , 2012 .

[29]  R. Franke,et al.  Optimal control for fast boiler start-up based on a nonlinear model and considering the thermal stress on thick-walled components , 2001, Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA'01) (Cat. No.01CH37204).

[30]  Toshio Inoue,et al.  A study on dynamic behavior of coal-fired thermal power plant during significant system frequency rise after system separation , 2011, 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.

[31]  B. T. Aklilu,et al.  Mathematical modeling and simulation of a cogeneration plant , 2010 .

[32]  F. P. de Mello,et al.  Boiler models for system dynamic performance studies , 1991 .

[33]  Yang Fan,et al.  Series cascade control of coal-fired drum boiler , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering.

[34]  P.,et al.  Design and Analysis of Boiler-Turbine-Generator Controls Using Optimal Linear Regulator Theory , 2000 .

[35]  K. Hemmaplardh,et al.  A Generalized Methodology for Modeling System Components in Power System Dynamics Simulation , 1982, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[36]  Guolian Hou,et al.  Modeling of a 1000MW power plant ultra super-critical boiler system using fuzzy-neural network methods , 2013 .

[37]  Myung-Ho Choi,et al.  LQG/LTR robust controller of cogeneration plant for disturbance rejection in electric frequency and steam pressure , 1996 .

[38]  H. M. Rai,et al.  Process Control of Power Plant Superheater-A Matlab/Simulink Approach , 2012, 2012 Second International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Technologies.

[39]  Benito R. Fernandez,et al.  Sliding control retrofit for a thermal power plant , 1995, Proceedings of International Conference on Control Applications.

[40]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Research and Application of Minimal-Oil Ignition Technology on Pulverized Coal Fired Boilers , 2009, 2009 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference.

[41]  T. Inoue,et al.  A model of fossil fueled plant with once-through boiler for power system frequency simulation studies , 2000, 2000 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting (Cat. No.00CH37134).

[42]  B. W. Hogg,et al.  Identification of boiler models , 1989 .

[43]  Kwang Y. Lee,et al.  Neural network based superheater steam temperature control for a large-scale supercritical boiler unit , 2011, 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.

[44]  Martin Horn,et al.  Model-free control of a thermal plant , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation.

[45]  I. Skrjanc,et al.  Generalized predictive control of a thermal plant using fuzzy model , 2000, Proceedings of the 2000 American Control Conference. ACC (IEEE Cat. No.00CH36334).

[46]  Janusz Kotowicz,et al.  The influence of the legal and economical environment and the profile of activities on the optimal d , 2011 .

[47]  Youngjin Shin,et al.  Control Strategy for the Ultra-Super Critical Coal-firing Thermal Power Plant , 2006, 2006 SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference.

[48]  K. S. Ahluwalia,et al.  Dynamic Modeling of a Combined-Cycle Plant , 1989 .

[49]  Hiroshi Inoue,et al.  IDENTIFICATION AND ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF SUPER HEATER SYSTEM BASED ON QUASI-ARMAX MODEL , 2002 .

[50]  A. M. Foss,et al.  Improvements in the dynamic simulation of gas turbines , 1983 .

[51]  Limin Liu.  An intelligent control design for non-linear MIMO processes , 2008, 2008 Conference on Human System Interactions.

[52]  H. Bentarzi,et al.  A new approach applied to steam turbine controller in thermal power plant , 2011, The 2nd International Conference on Control, Instrumentation and Automation.

[53]  Zheng Yao,et al.  Integrated real-time optimization of boiler and post-combustion system in coal-based power plants via extremum seeking , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications.

[54]  H. Nicholson.  Dynamic optimisation of a boiler-turboalternator model , 1966 .

[55]  W. I. Rowen,et al.  Simplified Mathematical Representations of Heavy-Duty Gas Turbines , 1983 .

[56]  Liu Changliang,et al.  Nonlinear boiler model of 300 MW power unit for system dynamic performance studies , 2001, ISIE 2001. 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8570).

[57]  Ertuğrul Çam,et al.  An adaptive control application in a large thermal combined power plant , 2007 .

[58]  Girijesh Prasad,et al.  Plant-wide physical model-based control for a thermal power plant , 1999, Proceedings of the 38th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Cat. No.99CH36304).

[59]  Chenggang Zhen,et al.  An overview of modelling and simulation of thermal power plant , 2011, The 2011 International Conference on Advanced Mechatronic Systems.

[60]  Joseph Bentsman,et al.  Nonlinear control oriented boiler modeling-a benchmark problem for controller design , 1996, IEEE Trans. Control. Syst. Technol..

[61]  Claudio Maffezzoni.  Issues in Modelling and Simulation of Power Plants , 1992 .

[62]  Ertuğrul Çam,et al.  A fuzzy logic controller application for thermal power plants , 2006 .

[63]  Jingcheng Wang,et al.  On-line calculation model for thermal efficiency of coal-fired utility boiler based on heating value identification , 2011, Proceedings of 2011 International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control.

[64]  J. Waddington.  Kalman filter applications for coal-fired generating unit control , 1994 .

[65]  O. Sorensen,et al.  Simulation, state estimation and control of nonlinear superheater attemperator using neural networks , 2000, Proceedings of the 2000 American Control Conference. ACC (IEEE Cat. No.00CH36334).

[66]  H. NAKAMURAt.  Statistical Identification for Optimal Control of Supercritical Thermal Power Plants , .

[67]  Chen Gang,et al.  Combinatorial Optimization of Pulverizers for Blended-Coal-Fired Power Plant , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring.

[68]  Jiong Shen,et al.  Offset-free fuzzy model predictive control of a boiler-turbine system based on genetic algorithm , 2012, Simul. Model. Pract. Theory.

[69]  K. L. Lo,et al.  Development of a static-state estimator for a power station boiler Part I. Mathematical model , 1990 .

[70]  M. A. Sheirah,et al.  Self-tuning control of thermal power plants , 1989 .

[71]  Hussain H. Al-Kayiem,et al.  Multidimensional minimization training algorithms for steam boiler high temperature superheater trip using artificial intelligence monitoring system , 2010, 2010 11th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision.

[72]  Yong Wang,et al.  Modeling of Superheated Steam Temperature using Sparse Least Squares Support Vector Networks , 2006, 2006 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics.

[73]  Shiro Matsumura,et al.  Adaptive control for the steam temperature of thermal power plants , 1998, Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (Cat. No.98CH36104).

[74]  R. B. Yacobucci.  A control system retrofit for a GE Frame 5 turbine/generator unit , 1991 .

[75]  J. Klure-Jensen,et al.  Integration of steam turbine controls into power plant systems , 1991 .

[76]  Kwang Y. Lee,et al.  Superheater steam temperature control for a 300MW boiler unit with Inverse Dynamic Process Models , 2010, IEEE PES General Meeting.

[77]  Yasuo Takagi,et al.  A new control strategy for coal fired thermal power plants , 2005, Proceedings of 2005 IEEE Conference on Control Applications, 2005. CCA 2005..

[78]  R. Vahldieck,et al.  PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE WITH PROGRESSIVE AUTOMATION CONCEPTS IN POWER PLANTS , 1986 .

[79]  H. Kwatny,et al.  Application of nonlinear, disturbance-accommodating controllers in power plant control system design , 1980, 1980 19th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the Symposium on Adaptive Processes.

[80]  Jianing Zhao,et al.  Energetic and exergetic efficiencies of coal-fired CHP (combined heat and power) plants used in district heating systems of China , 2013 .

[81]  Girijesh Prasad,et al.  Plant-wide predictive control for a thermal power plant based on a physical plant model , 2000 .

[82]  Karl Johan Åström,et al.  Simple Drum-Boiler Models , 1988 .

[83]  Kwang Myung Yu,et al.  Model reference PID control and tuning for steam temperature in thermal power plant , 2011, 2011 11th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems.

[84]  Un-Chul Moon,et al.  An Adaptive Dynamic Matrix Control With Fuzzy-Interpolated Step-Response Model for a Drum-Type Boiler-Turbine System , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[85]  L.L. Holzenthal,et al.  Utilization of a linearized model for the redesign of the feedwater control system of a drum boiler power plant , 1990, IEEE Proceedings on Southeastcon.

[86]  Xu Fei,et al.  Real time supervise system of flue gas desulfurization in coal fired power plants , 2008, 2008 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications.

[87]  Ali Azadeh,et al.  An adaptive network based fuzzy inference system-genetic algorithm clustering ensemble algorithm for performance assessment and improvement of conventional power plants , 2011, Expert Syst. Appl..